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This essay reviews the following works:Limits to Decolonization: Indigeneity, Territory, and Hydrocarbon Politics in the Bolivian Chaco. By Penelope Anthias. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. Pp. 312. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781501714368.The Extractive Zone: Social Ecologies and Decolonial Perspectives. By Macarena Gómez-Barris. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. xii + 208. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822368977.Oil, Revolution, and Indigenous Citizenship in Ecuadorian Amazonia. By Flora Lu, Gabriela Valdivia, and Néstor L. Silva. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Pp. 313. $119.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137564627.Undoing Multiculturalism: Resource Extraction and Indigenous Rights in Ecuador. By Carmen Martínez Novo. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. 280. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946632.Landscapes of Inequity: Environmental Justice in the Andes-Amazon Region. Edited by Nicholas A. Robins and Barbara J. Fraser. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2020. Pp. xxxiv + 347. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781496208026.La lucha por los comunes y las alternativas al desarrollo frente al extractivismo. Compiled by Denisse Roca-Servat and Jenni Perdomo-Sánchez. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2020. Pp. 430. E-book. ISBN: 9789877228137.Shifting Livelihoods: Gold Mining and Subsistence in the Chocó, Colombia. By Daniel Tubb. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020. Pp. xxviii + 217. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780295747521.

Este ensayo es una adaptación de una ponencia magistral presentada en el Congreso Latinoamericano de Ecología Política, que tomó lugar en Santiago de Chile en octubre de 2014. Es una reflexión y autocrítica sobre la ecología política como campo académico. Aquí examino la historia intelectual de la ecología política en el contexto de las tradicio­nes académicas coloniales del norte global. La presencia e influencia de los y las intelectuales del norte en los países del sur forman parte de los proyectos coloniales imperialistas de los países ricos del norte. Esta es una realidad que no podemos evitar, aún los intelectuales de la izquier­da. Considero la ecología política como "aporía" es decir, una paradoja cuya lógica es insuperable. A pesar de su historia colonial, argumento que no debemos desechar la ecología política, sino utilizarla para superar sus propias contradicciones. Necesitamos una ecología política anticolonial y transhemisférica, y tenemos que realizar la dura labor de traducción, tanto lingüística como cultural. No debemos romper lazos entre el norte y el sur, sino formar lazos nuevos y distintos, basados en el concepto gramsciano de praxis: la práctica informada por la teoría y la crítica.Palabras claves: colonialismo - poscolonialismo - pensamiento geográfico.Abstract This essay is an adaptation of a keynote address presented at the Latin American Congress of Political Ecology, which took place in Santiago, Chile in October, 2014. It is a reflection and self-critique of political ecology as an academic field. In it I examine the intellectual history of political ecology in the context of the colonial academic traditions stemming from the global North. The presence and influence of northern intellectuals in countries of the global South are part of the colonial/imperialist projects of wealthy northern countries. This is an unavoidable reality, even for intellectuals on the political Left. I con­sider political ecology to be an 'aporia,' that is, an unavoidable logical paradox. In spite of its colonial history, I argue that we should not discard political ecology, but rather use it to overcome its own inherent contradictions. We need an anti-colonial, trans-hemispheric political ecology and must do the hard work of translation, both linguistic and cultural. We should not break ties between north and south, but rather form new and distinct ties, based on the Gramscian concept of 'praxis': practice informed by theory and critique.Key words: colonialism – postcolonialism - geographic thought.

This paper examines ways in which regional political, economic, and cultural hegemonies maintain "resource regimes" by exploring the emergence of mining cooperatives as central actors in Bolivia's extractive economy. Like much of Latin America, Bolivia is experiencing a boom in resource extraction. Unlike other Latin American countries, in which the surge in mining activity is driven almost entirely by private, mostly transnational capital, relatively small-scale mining cooperatives play a major role in Bolivia's mining economy. We draw on the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and the integral state to explore the historical and contemporary relationship between mining cooperatives and unfolding patterns of mineral, water, and territorial governance, particularly in Oruro and Potosí departments. We argue that the regional hegemony of the mining economy has been constructed and maintained by the close historical relationship between mining cooperatives and the Bolivian state. Since the 1930s, the state has supported the formation of mining cooperatives as a means of bolstering the mining economy and stemming political unrest; in recent decades, however, cooperatives have become more actively involved in the maintenance of mining's regional hegemony.

9. Natural Resources in the Subsoil and Social Conflicts on the Surface: Perspectives on Peru's Subsurface Political Ecology (Julio C. Postigo, Mariana Montoya, and Kenneth R. Young), p. 223