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Objective Recent research on psychosocial interventions addressing the well-being of women with HIV/AIDS has brought new options for practitioners. This study critically reviews the treatment features, methodological quality, and efficacy of these interventions. Methods A comprehensive search between 2000 and 2011 identified 19 studies employing 10 different interventions. Results In all, 11 studies were methodologically strong and 12 reported interventions superior to other treatments. Among those with positive results, Cohen's effect sizes ranged from small ( d = 0.33) to large ( d = 1.50) across well-being outcomes. The Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management/Expressive Supportive and Structural Ecosystems Therapies ranked as probably efficacious. The Teaching, Raising and Communicating with Kids and the Maternal HIV Self-Care Symptom Management programs were ranked as promising treatments.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of different space heating and hot water systems for a social housing project in Santurtzi, Spain. The building, comprising 32 apartment units and currently under construction, has been designed to minimize thermal energy demand, while ensuring comfort and quality of the internal environment for the social housing occupiers. The selection of the heating and hot water energy systems has been carried considering a life cycle perspective both for environmental and economic impacts. Different alternatives have been analysed which compare conventional gas boiler installation, which has been the norm for this type of social housing for the last decades, with various options based on heat pump technology. Life cycle analysis of the environmental effects of electrification of the thermal energy demand through heat pumps show a potential for reducing life cycle CO2 emissions. The economic evaluation done through life cycle costing, comparing investment, maintenance, replacement and operational costs of gas boiler with aerothermal and geothermal heat pump solutions, have shown however that gas heating solutions are still the most competitive economically. Increasing the overall efficiency of those heating and hot water systems that include heat pump technology, while reducing their uncertainty in operation is a key element to ensure competitiveness of heat pumps in the current market. ; The work presented in this article is part of an analysis carried within AZEB project 'Affordable Zero Energy Buildings', which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 754174.

AbstractA computational model was developed to investigate the significance of system design and operating conditions on the rejection of neutral, low‐MW organics by reverse osmosis for potable reuse. The model demonstrated that the decrease in local rejection as net driving pressure decreases is substantially greater for moderately rejected compounds than for highly rejected compounds. At recovery values less than 70%, the local permeate concentration can exceed the pressure vessel feed concentration for moderately rejected compounds. System‐level rejection of moderately rejected compounds is likewise substantially more sensitive to operating conditions than highly rejected compounds. The findings highlight a drawback of relying on rejection results from bench‐scale testing that operates at low recovery, which invariably has higher rejection than full‐scale systems operating at similar pressure. The analysis demonstrates a trade‐off in which the low‐pressure, high‐recovery operation desired for potable reuse systems can be detrimental to the removal of low‐MW neutral organics. The removal of low‐MW neutral organics can be improved if organics rejection is explicitly evaluated during the design process.

A platform to design composite materials of a polymeric matrix, that are specifically for military applications on fluvial and naval navigation, has been developed using energy dissipation and storage mechanisms. Our composites are designed to generate synergy between the dissipation capacities of ceramics and high-performance fibers, which are used as the reinforced material in the lightweight laminates. The composite design is combined with processing tools and advanced characterization techniques that result in laminates with reliability, traceability and quality. The platform begins with the identification of energy dissipation mechanisms and the detailed characterization of the polymeric resin. It includes the Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram (TTT- Diagram) that supplies the optimal processing conditions. Our designs open new paths for military applications including a wide spectrum of protective systems together with geometric versatility, high mechanical resistance and reliability ; Utilizando los múltiples mecanismos de disipación de la energía de impacto a alta velocidad, hemos desarrollado una plataforma de diseño de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica, especiales para aplicaciones militares en navegación fluvial y marítima. Nuestros compuestos pretenden hacer sinergia entre las capacidades de disipación de cerámicos y fibras de alto desempeño, los cuales son utilizados como los elementos de refuerzo en los laminados de bajo peso. El diseño del material es combinado con herramientas de procesamiento y técnicas avanzadas de caracterización que resultan en laminados consistentes de alta repetibilidad, trazabilidad y alta calidad. La plataforma parte de la identificación de los mecanismos de disipación y de una caracterización detallada de la resina polimérica, el cual incluye un diagrama de Tiempo-Temperatura-Transformación que provee las condiciones óptimas de procesamiento. Nuestros diseños abren rutas novedosas para aplicaciones militares, los cuales incluyen amplios portafolios de protección, versatilidad geométrica, resistencia mecánica y confiabilidad

Aim: This study aimed at exploring and documenting the experiences of online sellers and determine their struggles on online selling amidst the pandemic.
Research Design: This qualitative research utilized phenomenology as strategy of inquiry to better understand the experiences and challenges of online sellers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the pandemic in a state university in the Philippines.
Methodology: The study used purposive sampling involving eight participants who have been doing part-time online selling during the pandemic. These participants got engaged in the sphere of online selling to gain additional profit for themselves and family.
Results: Online sellers were faced with various challenges as they do their sphere. They need to deal with impatient and inconsiderate buyers, unpredictable stocks and prices, competition in the market and unguaranteed quality of items. But despite of these challenges and struggles, online sellers describe online selling not only as a platform for marketing but a tool to gain new friends and widen their market horizons. It has also become a source of fun and income. Online selling also tests sellers to strategize and use their skills and creativity so they can be successful at it.
Conclusions: Online selling can be a decent opportunity and a challenging endeavor that one can venture on. This became even more challenging during the occurrence of pandemic but it also offered additional profit and advantages for those doing it.

La Guyane Française est une terre riche d'une diversité biologique remarquable. Cette biodiversité héberge également de nombreux bioagresseurs fragilisant les productions végétales, déjà soumises aux fortes contraintes de fertilité des sols. A l'instar de nombreuses régions dans le monde, la Guyane est confrontée à la remise en question des politiques publiques régissant les orientations en matière de développement agricole. Les évolutions règlementaires dans le domaine de l'agriculture et de la santé, notamment celles préconisées par le Plan Ecophyto, la mutation démographique (4 à 8% selon les régions) et sociale extrêmement rapide de ce territoire imposent de nouvelles manières de produire, plus durables et plus sûres. Satisfaire des enjeux alimentaires croissants, produire des services écosystémiques, stimuler une dynamique socio-économique créatrice d'emplois, tels sont les défis que doivent désormais relever ensemble, les acteurs du monde agricole, dans le cadre d'une transition agroécologique inclusive et intégrée aux enjeux du territoire guyanais. Dans cette perspective, un diagnostic précis des freins et leviers est un prérequis pour accompagner le développement des divers systèmes de production, conventionnels (basés sur la production maraichère et fruitière) et traditionnels (basés sur les cultures vivrières). Il n'existe actuellement pas de véritable cadre stratégique consensuel entre les différents acteurs de l'agriculture et plus globalement du système alimentaire pour aider à lever ces freins, de nature et d'intensités extrêmement variées : moyens de production, accès aux financements, conseil technique, existence et structuration de filières pour des produits diversifiés, etc. L'objectif de cet article est de montrer en quoi la transition agroécologique est une voie d'avenir pour le développement durable de l'ensemble des systèmes agricoles en Guyane, et de proposer un cadre stratégique de R&D pour accompagner cette transition. Pour se faire, les auteurs analysent les caractéristiques de ...

La Guyane Française est une terre riche d'une diversité biologique remarquable. Cette biodiversité héberge également de nombreux bioagresseurs fragilisant les productions végétales, déjà soumises aux fortes contraintes de fertilité des sols. A l'instar de nombreuses régions dans le monde, la Guyane est confrontée à la remise en question des politiques publiques régissant les orientations en matière de développement agricole. Les évolutions règlementaires dans le domaine de l'agriculture et de la santé, notamment celles préconisées par le Plan Ecophyto, la mutation démographique (4 à 8% selon les régions) et sociale extrêmement rapide de ce territoire imposent de nouvelles manières de produire, plus durables et plus sûres. Satisfaire des enjeux alimentaires croissants, produire des services écosystémiques, stimuler une dynamique socio-économique créatrice d'emplois, tels sont les défis que doivent désormais relever ensemble, les acteurs du monde agricole, dans le cadre d'une transition agroécologique inclusive et intégrée aux enjeux du territoire guyanais.[br/] Dans cette perspective, un diagnostic précis des freins et leviers est un prérequis pour accompagner le développement des divers systèmes de production, conventionnels (basés sur la production maraichère et fruitière) et traditionnels (basés sur les cultures vivrières). Il n'existe actuellement pas de véritable cadre stratégique consensuel entre les différents acteurs de l'agriculture et plus globalement du système alimentaire pour aider à lever ces freins, de nature et d'intensités extrêmement variées : moyens de production, accès aux financements, conseil technique, existence et structuration de filières pour des produits diversifiés, etc.[br/] L'objectif de cet article est de montrer en quoi la transition agroécologique est une voie d'avenir pour le développement durable de l'ensemble des systèmes agricoles en Guyane, et de proposer un cadre stratégique de R&D pour accompagner cette transition. Pour se faire, les auteurs analysent les caractéristiques de l'agriculture guyanaise, les freins et les leviers à son développement dans une première partie. Dans une seconde partie, une analyse rétrospective des projets de recherche et développement agricoles menées depuis les années 70 est présentée, pour amener des éléments de réflexion sur des chemins possibles de viabilité et d'innovation avec l'ensemble des acteurs du monde agricole dans une dernière partie. ; French Guiana is a hotspot of biological diversity. This biodiversity is also hosting numerous pests that weaken plant production, already subject to strong soil fertility constraints. Like many other regions of the world, Guyana is confronted with the questioning of public policies governing agricultural development guidelines. The evolution of legal rules in the field of agriculture and health, particularly those recommended by the Ecophyto Plan, the demographic change (4 to 8% according to the regions) and the extremely rapid social development of this territory impose new ways of producing, more sustainable and safer. Meeting growing food challenges, producing ecosystem services, stimulating a socio-economic dynamic that creates jobs, these are the challenges that agricultural stakeholders must now face together, in the context of an inclusive and integrated agroecological transition in the Guyanese territory.[br/] In this perspective, a precise diagnosis of the brakes and levers is a prerequisite to accompany the development of the various production systems, as well as conventional (based on market gardening and fruit production) and traditional (based on food crops). There is currently no real consensual strategic framework between the various actors of agriculture and more generally of the food system to help remove these brakes of a very varied nature and intensities: means of production, access to financing, technical advice, existence and structuring of sectors for diversified products, etc.[br/] The aim of this article is to show how the agroecological transition is a way forward for the sustainable development of all farming systems in French Guiana, and to propose a strategic R&D framework to support this transition. To do so, the authors analyze the characteristics of Guyanese agriculture, the brakes and levers to its development in a first part. In a second part, a retrospective analysis of the agricultural research and development projects carried out since the 1970s is presented, to bring elements of reflection on possible paths.

Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.

Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today's technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics. ; European Union [654305, 764879, 730871, 777563]; FP7 [312453] ; Open access article ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.

Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.