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Production of non-spherical crystalline nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid has been demonstrated recently. Here we studied the shape variety of PbO nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in deionized water and IPA. The key role of water in the formation of PbO non-spherical nanostructures was demonstrated. Only spherical nanoparticles have been obtained in isopropyl alcohol (IPA). PbO non-spherical nanostructures have been formed only in presence of water, which supports the growth mechanism by oxidation. Using mixture of IPA and water in various proportions and revealing the time and temperature dependences of non-spherical nanostructure morphology can be used for controlled growth of PbO non-spherical nanostructures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 3.4993.2017/6.7, 3.9534.2017/8.9 ; The work has been supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (projects 3.9534.2017/8.9 and 3.4993.2017/6.7) and by Government of the Russian Federation (act 211, agreement 02.A03.21.0006). The equipment of the Ural Centre for Shared Use "Modern Nanotechnology" Ural Federal University was used.

Between 1981 and 1989, a total of 7683 cases of Plasmodium vivax [corrected] malaria were imported into the USSR from Afghanistan, mainly by demobilized military personnel. For 23.8% of these cases the clinical manifestations appeared within a month of returning to the USSR, for 22.5% after 1-3 months, for 20% after 4-6 months, for 2% after > 1 year, and for 0.6% after > 2 years. For 13 patients the clinical manifestations of malaria appeared 3 years after returning from Afghanistan (up to 38 months). Nearly 69% of the patients did not take malaria prophylaxis at all while they were in Afghanistan, and 19% took chloroquine irregularly. Only 12.5% of the patients received a full course of prophylactic treatment with primaquine before leaving Afghanistan. A total of 56% of the cases were detected during the period most favourable for malaria transmission in the USSR (May-September) and of these, half were imported into formerly malarious areas of the country. Activation of a surveillance system greatly reduced the consequences of the massive importation of malaria, to which the local vectors were susceptible.