Suchergebnisse

The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of Africa's trade structure and trade policy. We first analyze recent performance in different markets and identify changes in the composition and direction of trade. Second, we examine both tariffs and nontariff measures faced by African agricultural exporters, using several sources of data for trade barriers. Our main findings show that, while agricultural productivity is low, the European Union remains the primary destination for agricultural exports, although its share is constantly decreasing. At the product level, the top 10 agricultural export products represent 39 percent of Africa's agricultural exports and include sesame seeds, black tea, cocoa paste, and fresh grapes. In terms of trade barriers, despite low tariffs faced by African economies, they are facing several nontariff measures (NTMs) ranging from sanitary and phytosanitary measures to conformity assessment and domestic support in other countries. Indeed, and in particular for agriculture products, unfair competition resulting from the domestic support in other countries affects the competitiveness of African countries' exports. ; PR ; IFPRI4 ; AFR

PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2 ; WCAO; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) is one of the main components of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). CAADP is an initiative launched by the African Union Commission (AUC) in 2002 to serve as a continent-wide framework to facilitate faster agricultural growth and progress toward poverty reduction and food and nutrition security in Africa. CAADP seeks to promote policies and partnerships and raise investments in Africa's agricultural sector and achieve better development outcomes. It is an unprecedented, comprehensive effort to rally governments and other stakeholders around a set of key values and principles; create partnership mechanisms at continental, regional, and country levels; promote evidence-based and outcome-driven policy design and implementation; and establish inclusive dialogue and review processes to increase the effectiveness of the development process among African countries. This paper examines the new policy and investment planning and the review, dialogue, and partnership modalities and evaluates their likely impact on future growth and poverty-reduction outcomes. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP44 ; WCAO

The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) is an Africawide framework for revitalizing agriculture and rural development in order to accelerate economic growth and progress toward poverty reduction and food and nutrition security. This study reviews CAADP and its strategic objectives, key players, implementation modalities, and approach to ensuring evidence and outcome-based policy planning and implementation. The study also lays out CAADP's common analytical framework at the country level and shares economic modeling results from member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in which analysis was conducted to examine agricultural growth and investment options for meeting CAADP growth and expenditure targets and the Millennium Development Goal target of halving poverty. Finally, the paper discusses CAADP's review and dialogue mechanisms and knowledge support systems that have been put in place to facilitate benchmarking, mutual learning, and capacity strengthening that will improve agricultural policy, program design, and implementation. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP32 ; WCAO

Annual data on Kenya from 1950 to 2014 are used to analyze the determinants of the level and composition of government expenditures and estimate the agricultural-output returns to the different types of government expenditures. The paper analyzes expenditures for six functions (general administration, defense, education, health, agriculture, and other economic functions—transport, communications, etc.) as well as the capital-to-recurrent expenditure ratios within each of the six functions. Simultaneous equations modeling methods are employed, and different diagnostic tests are used to check for and address issues with stationarity, causality, and autocorrelation. Different model specifications are used to assess the sensitivity of the results to using different measures and combinations of the conceptual variables that are hypothesized to affect the composition of government expenditures and agricultural production. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; ReSAKSS ECA ; AFR

This chapter summarizes the findings from analyses conducted by AKADEMIYA2063 on local staple food market dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. With the outbreak of the highly contagious virus in Africa in March 2020, various measures were implemented by African governments to contain its spread. These measures included bans on public gatherings and markets; restrictions on movement within and between countries; closures of schools, restaurants, and hotels; and curfews. All these measures were likely to cause market disruptions and revenue losses for vulnerable groups by disrupting supply and demand of agricultural staples, either directly or indirectly. The objective of these analytical studies is therefore to generate evidence on how the various COVID-19 response measures have affected food supply and demand patterns in Africa, taking into account the locational characteristics (that is, whether an area is urban or rural, has a surplus or deficit of the commodity in question, and is in a coastal or landlocked country) and whether the commodity is perishable or nonperishable. Such evidence can then be used to inform efforts to anticipate and respond to food crises arising from infectious disease outbreaks and the measures implemented to limit their spread. ; PR ; IFPRI4; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Feed the Future Initiative; ReSAKSS ; AFR

This paper conducts a political economy analysis to understand the factors that affect provision of and access to reliable agricultural statistics and data systems in Niger. A conceptual framework that identifies selected political economy aspects including political will, transparency and accountability, state capacity, and international commitments is developed. The predictions of the framework are tested using information collected through informal and formal interviews with professionals and staff of different institutions and organizations that provide or use agricultural statistics to analyze how different components of agricultural statistics and the underlying capacity and systems are differentially influenced by various political-economy factors. Implications for Niger and at the global level for developing an effective strategy to improve agricultural statistics and data (availability, quantity, and quality) that go beyond technological and methodological fixes are drawn. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; DCA; CRP2 ; AFR; DGO; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)