Suchergebnisse

The paper addresses the problem of privacy concerns and the impact of a common European legislative framework. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between public opinion and policy development in EU member countries and specifically the presence of different institutional regimes of privacy. Privacy rights in contemporary society are threatened and at the same favoured by globalization and technological advancement in telecommunication. In the last decade their protection was put at risk by security and market implications and institutional actions were promoted by governments and international organizations. The European Union represents one of the main international actors in pursuing protection of personal information and privacy rights. In particular, the European approach distinguishes itself because the development of the privacy policy had its start from a common agreement on the nature of this basic human right and the proactive role that national governments should have in enacting its exercise by citizens. The analysis described in the paper concentrate on the role of the so called Data controllers (companies) and using data from a European survey describes the presence of different levels of awareness for privacy issues and towards social change in communications. Adapted from the source document.

The literature on early modern credit markets emphasizes both the social embeddedness of credit relationships and the role of notaries. To enhance our understanding of how credit markets functioned in a "less-developed" economy, we investigate the local lending activities of a merchant-banker family that operated at the intersection of formal and informal credit. A combination of economic rationality and social motivations in lending decisions emerges. The credit network of this family firm provides a portrait of the social structure of the local community, where the central position of a few trusted notaries and members of the business and political elite highlights the prevalence of relationships of power and favor over impersonal market exchange. The predominance of informal credit reveals a preference for loans made outside of notarial circuits. Nonetheless, notaries were crucial in lending to borrowers of lower social status and with weak ties, thus helping the liquidity of these merchants to "trickle down" into local society.

This paper is based on the assumption that people in organizations do not learn 'safety'; rather, they learn safe working practices. Therefore, there are as many safety cultures as there are communities of practice inside an organization contributing to the social construction of safety. Ambiguity plays a central role in this process since consensus and dissensus on what is safety and danger are issue‐specific and constantly fluctuating. The analysis of the explanations of the cause of accidents held by two communities of practice – engineers and site managers – sheds light on sense‐making processes relevant to the understanding of safety and to the design of a safer organization.