Suchergebnisse

Introduction : discovering practical reason -- Gyges' choice : rationality and visibility -- Glaucon's dilemma : origins of social order -- Deioces' ultimatum : how to choose a ruler -- Solon's bargain : self-enforcing constitutional order -- Melos' prospect : limits of inter-state rationality -- Socrates' critique : problems for democratic rationality -- Cephalus' expertise : economic rationality -- Conclusions : utility and eudaimonia -- Appendix : probability, risk, and likelihood.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgment -- CHAPTER 1. Introduction: Athenian Democracy and the History of Ideologies -- CHAPTER 2. Models and Paradigms in Ancient History -- CHAPTER 3. Public Speech and the Power of the People in Democratic Athens -- CHAPTER 4. The Athenian Revolution of 508/7 B.C.: Violence, Authority, and the Origins of Democracy -- CHAPTER 5. The Rules of War in Classical Greece -- CHAPTER 6. Thucydides, Pericles, and the Strategy of Defense -- CHAPTER 7. Power and Oratory in Democratic Athens: Demosthenes 21, Against Meidia -- CHAPTER 8. The Nature of Athenian Democracy -- CHAPTER 9. The Athenians and Their Democracy -- CHAPTER 10. How to Criticize Democracy in Late Fifth- and Fourth-Century Athens -- CHAPTER 11. The Polis as a Society: Aristotle, John Rawls, and die Athenian Social Contract -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- CHAPTER ONE: Introduction: Climbing the Hill of Ares -- CHAPTER TWO: Classical Athenian Democracy and Democracy Today -- CHAPTER THREE: Historical Legacies: Moral Authority and the Useable Past -- CHAPTER FOUR: Culture, Thin Coherence, and the Persistence of Politics -- CHAPTER FIVE: Quasi Rights: Participatory Citizenship and Negative Liberties -- CHAPTER SIX: The Athenian Debate over Civic Education -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Living Freely as a Slave of the Law: Why Socrates Lives in Athens -- CHAPTER EIGHT: Social Science History, Cultural History, and the Amnesty of 403 B.C. -- CHAPTER NINE: Greek Horoi: Artifactual Texts and the Contingency of Meaning -- CHAPTER TEN: Tyrant-Killing as Therapeutic Confiict: A Political Debate in Images and Texts -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Half title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface: Democracy before Liberalism -- Acknowledgments -- Note on the Text -- 1 Basic Democracy -- 1.1 Political Theory -- 1.2 Why before Liberalism? -- 1.3 Normative Theory, Positive Theory, History -- 1.4 Sketch of the Argument -- 2 The Meaning of Democracy in Classical Athens -- 2.1 Athenian Political History -- 2.2 Original Greek Definition -- 2.3 Mature Greek Definition -- 3 Founding Demopolis -- 3.1 Founders and the Ends of the State -- 3.2 Authority and Citizenship -- 3.3 Participation -- 3.4 Legislation -- 3.5 Entrenchment -- 3.6 Exit, Entrance, Assent -- 3.7 Naming the Regime -- 4 Legitimacy and Civic Education -- 4.1 Material Goods and Democratic Goods -- 4.2 Limited-Access States -- 4.3 Hobbes's Challenge -- 4.4 Civic Education -- 5 Human Capacities and Civic Participation -- 5.1 Sociability -- 5.2 Rationality -- 5.3 Communication -- 5.4 Exercise of Capacities as a Democratic Good -- 5.5 Free Exercise and Participatory Citizenship -- 5.6 From Capacities to Security and Prosperity -- 6 Civic Dignity and Other Necessary Conditions -- 6.1 Conditions and Values -- 6.2 Individuality, Interdependence, Mutability -- 6.3 Knowledge and Collective Action -- 6.4 Political Freedom and Equality -- 6.5 Civic Dignity as Lived Experience -- 6.6 A Civic Dignity Game -- 6.7 Dignity and Civic Virtues -- 6.8 Between Liberty and Equality -- 7 Delegation and Expertise -- 7.1 Sleeping Sovereign or Vigilant Demos? -- 7.2 Systematic Corruption as a Tyranny Threat -- 7.3 A Delegation Game -- 7.4 Citizen Self-Government -- 7.5 Interests, Knowledge, Experts -- 7.6 Relevant Expertise Aggregation: An Athenian Case Study -- 7.7 Aggregating Expertise at Scale -- 8 A Theory of Democracy -- 8.1 Theory and Practice -- 8.2 So What?.

"Lord Byron described Greece as great, fallen, and immortal, a characterization more apt than he knew. Through most of its long history, Greece was poor. But in the classical era, Greece was densely populated and highly urbanized. Many surprisingly healthy Greeks lived in remarkably big houses and worked for high wages at specialized occupations. Middle-class spending drove sustained economic growth. Classical wealth produced a stunning cultural efflorescence lasting hundreds of years. Why did Greece reach such heights in the classical period--and why only then? And how, after 'the Greek miracle' had endured for centuries, did the Macedonians defeat the Greeks, seemingly bringing an end to their glory? Drawing on a massive body of newly available data and employing novel approaches to evidence, Josiah Ober offers a major new history of classical Greece and an unprecedented account of its rise and fall. Ober argues that Greece's rise was no miracle but rather the result of political breakthroughs and economic development. The extraordinary emergence of citizen-centered city-states transformed Greece into a society that defeated the mighty Persian Empire. Yet Philip and Alexander of Macedon were able to beat the Greeks in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, a victory enabled by the Macedonians' appropriation of Greek innovations. After Alexander's death, battle-hardened warlords fought ruthlessly over the remnants of his empire. But Greek cities remained populous and wealthy, their economy and culture surviving to be passed on to the Romans--and to us. A compelling narrative filled with uncanny modern parallels, this is a book for anyone interested in how great civilizations are born and die. This book is based on evidence available on a new interactive website. To learn more, please visit: http://polis.stanford.edu/"--

How and why did the Western tradition of political theorizing arise in Athens during the late fifth and fourth centuries B.C.? By interweaving intellectual history with political philosophy and literary analysis, Josiah Ober argues that the tradition originated in a high-stakes debate about democracy. Since elite Greek intellectuals tended to assume that ordinary men were incapable of ruling themselves, the longevity and resilience of Athenian popular rule presented a problem: how to explain the apparent success of a regime ""irrationally"" based on the inherent wisdom and practical efficac

This book asks an important question often ignored by ancient historians and political scientists alike: Why did Athenian democracy work as well and for as long as it did? Josiah Ober seeks the answer by analyzing the sociology of Athenian politics and the nature of communication between elite and nonelite citizens. After a preliminary survey of the development of the Athenian "constitution," he focuses on the role of political and legal rhetoric. As jurymen and Assemblymen, the citizen masses of Athens retained important powers, and elite Athenian politicians and litigants needed to address

Preliminary Material /Josiah Ober -- Introduction /Josiah Ober -- The Economic Resources of Attica /Josiah Ober -- Methods of Waging War /Josiah Ober -- The Defensive Mentality at Athens /Josiah Ober -- The Theory of Defense /Josiah Ober -- Changes in the Athenian Military Establishment /Josiah Ober -- Routes into Attica /Josiah Ober -- Forts and Towers /Josiah Ober -- The Road System of Northern Attica /Josiah Ober -- The Border Defense System /Josiah Ober -- Chronological Review and Conclusions /Josiah Ober -- Identification of Some Sites in Northwestern Attica /Josiah Ober -- Selected Bibliography /Josiah Ober -- Index /Josiah Ober.