Suchergebnisse

Defining corporate environmental crime -- Critical perspectives on environmental crime, green criminology, and corporate environmental offending -- The causes of corporate environmental crime and criminality -- Cleaning up greenwash : corporate environmental responsibility and environmental crime -- Creative compliance, constructive compliance : corporate environmental crime and the criminal entrepreneur -- Corporate exploitation of natural resources (oil and gas and timber trafficking) -- corporate environmental crime : biopiracy -- Corporate environmental crime and climate justice -- Corporations and human rights -- Remedying corporate environmental crime.

"The Black Lives Matter movement has exposed the state violence and social devaluation that Black populations continue to suffer. Police shootings and incarceration inequalities in the US and UK are just two examples of the legacy of slavery today. This book offers a criminological exploration of the case for slavery and anti-Black racism reparations in the context of the enduring harms and differential treatment of Black citizens. Through critical analysis of legal arguments and reviewing recent court actions, it refutes the policy perspectives that argue against reparations. Highlighting the human rights abuses inherent to and arising from slavery and ongoing racism, this book calls for governments to take responsibility for the impact of ongoing racialized injustice."-- from publisher's website

A comprehensive introduction to green criminology, this book is a discussion of the relationship between mainstream criminal justice and green crimes. Focused on environmental harm within the context of criminal justice this book takes a global perspective and *Introduces students to different theoretical perspectives in green criminology *Looks at the victims of environmental crime throughout *Covers topics such as; wildlife crimes, animal abuse, the causes of environmental crime, regulation, exploitation, environmental activism, policing, prosecution and monitoring. Designed to help readers develop a thorough understanding of the principles of environmental justice and green criminology, as well as contemporary developments, this book will be excellent support to student of green criminology and environmental crime.

Policing Wildlife examines both the extent and enforcement of wildlife law, one of the fastest growing areas of crime globally. The book considers how enforcement regimes need to adapt to contemporary wildlife crime threats, particularly those posed by terrorism and organised crime.

This paper explores the role of masculinities in animal harm and conceptions on the Masculinities Offender, primarily motivated by power and masculine behaviors. Within "masculinities crimes," the exercise of power allied to sport or entertainment is significantly linked to organized crime and gambling. Masculinities crimes also include elements of cruelty or animal abuse and perceptions by offenders of their actions having cultural significance, and where toughness, masculinity, and smartness combine with a love of excitement. Examples include badger digging, badger baiting, cock-fighting, and other crimes involving the "sporting" killing or taking of wildlife.  This article explores masculinities offender rationalizations and associated masculinity-based negative attitudes towards animals and animal harm. The public policy response to masculinities crimes reflects acceptance of the violent nature of offenders. Yet arguably enforcement and punishment through use of surveillance activities and undercover operations, and reliance on prison as the primary deterrent/sanction risks being counter-productive and reinforcing the very masculinities that underlie offending behavior.

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This illuminating study explores crimes against, and involving, wildlife and the resultant social harms. The authors go well beyond basic conceptions of animal-related crime, such as illicit trade, for a deeper exploration of wildlife criminology, using a novel approach that combines philosophical, legal and criminological perspectives. They shed light on both legal and illegal harms, including blood sports, wildlife as food and abuse in zoos, and consider the potential connections with inter-human crimes. This is a unique treatment of wildlife as victims of crime and a consideration of their rights as sentient beings that sets new horizons for the concept of wildlife criminology.

This research working paper examines legal aspects of the phenomenon of dog-fighting in the contemporary United Kingdom (UK). Its aim is to, so far as is possible, examine the extent of dog-fighting activity, the nature of dog-fighting offences and the complexity of dog-fighting criminality and criminal justice responses to dog-fighting with a view to assessing whether contemporary social and criminal justice policy is adequate to deal with the level and nature of dog-fighting issues. In respect of this issue, the research makes a number of policy recommendations, as well as recommendations for future research to further assess the current enforcement landscape. The focus of this research working paper is primarily the law relating to dog-fighting in England and Wales, examining the nature and extent of dog-fighting offences within UK legislation. Ortiz (2010, p.7-8) argues that dog-fighting is primarily a working class pursuit which arose as a consequence of urbanization in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as the popularity of bull-baiting declined and rural labourers migrated to the cities bringing their love of blood sports with them. 'Pit sports' such as dog-fighting offered not only the entertainment of the fight but also the release and excitement of associated gambling activities and the opportunity for workers to hold evening matches indoors while being able to return to work the following day (Ortiz, 2010, p.8; Evans and Forsythe, 1998). Accordingly, dog-fighting existed within a predominantly white, working-class subculture of like-minded enthusiasts and represented a distinct type of organised animal exploitation. However, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and others, report that contemporary dog-fighting has moved away from its organised pit-based origins to encompass street dog-fighting in the form of chain fighting or chain rolling, the use of dogs as status or weapon dogs (Harding, 2012). Thus one question for this research is whether legislation and enforcement policy has kept pace with developments in dog-fighting and the evolution of its linked criminality. In assessing this issue, the research conclusions and recommendations (see later in this working paper) identify some shortcomings in the current approach to dog-fighting albeit the need for further research and analysis is specified. It worth noting early on that the literature and research on dog-fighting remains extremely limited. This is particularly the case for UK literature. Consequently it is necessary to draw upon the somewhat wider literature from the USA. This literature is both historic and contemporary and often culturally situated. Nevertheless there are many aspects of dog-fighting, including the Rules of Dog-fighting and the guidance for preparing and training dogs which have direct cross over, similarity and applicability to the UK situation, despite the obvious different cultural contexts. As a result we shall draw upon this work and this is often reflected in the use of American references and citations. Naturally the legislative provisions and processes differ extensively in the USA which limits the applicability of US legislative solutions to the UK context.

Miscarriages of justice occur far more frequently than we realise and have the power to ruin people's lives. It is crucial for criminal justice practitioners to understand them, given significant developments in recent years in law and police codes of practice. This text, part of the Key themes in policing textbook series, is written by three highly experienced authors with expertise in the fields of criminal investigation, forensic psychology and law and provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of miscarriages of justice. They highlight difficulties in defining miscarriages of justice, examine their dimensions, forms, scale and impact and explore key cases and their causes. Discussing informal and formal remedies against miscarriages of justice, such as campaigns and the role of the media and the Court of Appeal and the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC), they highlight criticism of the activities and decision-making of the latter and examine changes to police investigation in this area. Designed to incorporate 'evidence-based policing', each chapter provides questions reflecting on the issues raised in the text and suggestions for further reading

This book critically examines both theory and practice around conservation crimes. It engages with the full complexity of environmental crimes and different responses to them, including: poaching, conservation as a response to wildlife crime, forest degradation, environmental activism, and the application of scientific and situational crime prevention techniques as preventative tools to deal with green crime. Through the contributions of experts from both the social and ecological sciences, the book deals with theoretical and practical considerations that impact on the effectiveness of contemporary environmental criminal justice. It discusses the social construction of green crimes and the varied ways in which poaching and other conservation crimes are perceived, operate and are ideologically driven, as well as practical issues in environmental criminal justice. With contributions based in varied ideological perspectives and drawn from a range of academic disciplines, this volume provides a platform for scholars to debate new ideas about environmental law enforcement, policy, and crime prevention, detection and punishment.