Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronyms -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: The METROPOLE Project - An Integrated Framework to Analyse Local Decision Making and Adaptive Capacity to Large-Scale Environmental Change: Decision Making and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise in Santos, Brazil -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Background -- 1.3 The METROPOLE Project -- 1.4 Sea Level Rise and Adaptation Options: The Case of Santos, Sao Paulo/Brazil -- 1.5 Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) Analysis Sao Paulo/Brazil -- 1.6 Conclusions and Final Remarks -- References -- Part II: Current Environmental Patterns and Projections in the Study Area -- Chapter 2: Patterns of Evolution of Frontal Systems Along the South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast -- 2.1 Introduction: Typical Meteorological and Oceanic Conditions -- 2.2 Frontal System -- 2.3 Effects of a Frontal System -- 2.4 Variability of the Mean Sea Level -- 2.5 Characterization of Extreme Sea Level Events in Santos and Their Correspondence with Synoptic Meteorological Conditions -- 2.6 Numerical Modelling of Meteorological Tides in the Western Region of the South Atlantic -- 2.7 Case Study: Effects of the Fronts of September 2009 -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Patterns of Extreme Precipitation in Santos -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Projections of Climate Change in the Coastal Area of Santos -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Downscaling of Global Climate -- 4.2.1 Validation of the Downscaling -- 4.2.1.1 Simulated Climatology -- 4.2.1.2 Frequency Distribution -- 4.2.2 Projections of Climate Change -- 4.2.2.1 Mean Temperature and Precipitation -- 4.2.2.2 The Frequency Distribution -- 4.2.2.3 Trends of the Climatic Extreme Indices -- 4.2.2.4 Trends in Storms.

O estudo avaliou a variação espaço-temporal da chuva em alguns municípios da Região
Metropolitana de Campinas, SP, a partir de dados de alguns postos pluviométricos da área,
analisados nos níveis anual e sazonal, de modo a comparar as diferenças tanto no tempo como no
espaço geográfico. Escolheu-se seis postos, nas cidades de Americana (1), Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
(2), Cosmópolis (1), Jaguariúna (1) e Holambra (1). O período total de estudo abrange os anos de
1953 a 1997, dividido em dois períodos menores comparados entre si: PI (1953-1974) e PII (1975-
1997). Os períodos com menor volume pluviométrico têm os maiores coeficientes de variação, ou
seja, há maior heterogeneidade na distribuição da precipitação nos anos menos chuvosos e no
inverno. O PII foi mais variável, o que poderia estar associado à atuação de alguns fenômenos de
grande escala (PDO e/ou El Niño). Os resultados podem ser usados por diferentes instâncias
(governo, setor privado, sociedade) e embasar planos de habitação, de ocupação industrial,
ocupação agrícola e projetos municipais diversos.

Globally, it is smaller urban settlements that are growing most rapidly, are most constrained in terms of adaptive capacity but increasingly looked to for delivering local urban resilience. Data from three smaller coastal cities and their wider regional governance systems in Florida, US; West Sussex, UK and São Paulo, Brazil are used to compare the influence of scale and sector on city adaptive capacity. These tensions are described through the lens of the Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) approach. The ACI is built from structuration theory and presents an alternative to social-ecological systems framing of analysis on adaptation. Structuration articulates the interaction of agency and structure and the intervening role played by institutions on information flow, in shaping adaptive capacity and outcomes. The ACI approach reveals inequalities in adaptive capacity to be greater across scale than across government, private and civil society sector capacity in each study area. This has implications for adaptation research both by reinforcing the importance of scale and demonstrating the utility of structuration theory as a framework for understanding the social dynamics underpinning adaptive capacity; and policy relevance, in particular considering the redistribution of decision-making power across scale and/or compensatory mechanisms, especially for lower scale actors, who increasingly carry the costs for enacting resilience planning in cities.