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This is a Czech translation of the Edmund Husserl's entry "Phenomenology" written for the 14th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica.

Since phenomenology isn't just a method of philosophical rsearch but also a genuine philosophical stance, Husserl discusses in his famous article Philosophy as a Strict Science from 1910/11 at least three notions of philosophy to demonstrate, what should be considered solely as a scientific philosophy. This may only be his phenomenological philosophy, which Husserl contrasts against both in his time most popular philosophical positions, i.e. the naturalism, and the philosophy of world view. But there is also another 'brand' of philosophy that's being mentioned in his article: the so called "Tiefsinn". Is it a fourth notion of philosophy, or just the extreme derivation from the "world view"? Not only shall our article answer that question, but also demonstrate Husserl's conception of a phenomenological philosophy being a strict scientific philosophy in contrast to naturalism as well as the world view.

While showing the mathéma-character of modern science, Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) sharpens his analysis of its essence by interpreting the key part of its method, which he claims to consist of the "hypothesis-experiment complex". In Heidegger's interpretation, the experimental feature of modern science means the former metaphysical act of logical prescription for the general understanding of the meaning of "being". Thus, Heidegger analyses the fourfold concept of "experience", which distinguishes the modern science from all the older conceptions of "science". Nevertheless, all what Heidegger ultimately tries to achieve, is to gain a clear insight into the essence of the temporal character of "being".

In the mid 30s of the 20th century Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) attempted to explain the "history of Being" leading to what he called "the oblivion of Being". In this he focused on the impact of the modern science, which he grants to be a sort of metaphysics. According to Heidegger, the main feature of the modern science consists in what he calls the mathéma-character. The Greek word "to mathéma" means "it what can be learned" and "what must be know beforehand". It is Heidegger's intention to show that the mathéma-character of the modern science is deciding about the general understanding of the meaning of "being" and that modern science is replacing the metaphysics, which is the origin of the modern science.

Wenn der Philosophie das dialektische Prinzip, d. h. der sondernde, aber eben darum organisch ordnende und gestaltende Verstand, zugleich mit dem Urbild, nach dem er sich richtet, entzogen wird, so, daß sie in sich selbst weder Maß noch Regel mehr hat: so bleibt ihr allerdings nichts anderes übrig, als daß sie sich historisch zu orientieren sucht.Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph SchellingPhilosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit (1809) InhaltsverzeichnisEinleitung Aleš Novák1. Transzendenz2. Transzendenz in Husserls Idee der Phänomenologie (1910)3. Die Transzendenz, die Wa