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Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Large Firms and Economic Development -- Introduction -- Competition, Small Firms and Economic Development: The Neo-Classical View -- Large Firms and Economic Development: The Unorthodox View -- Conclusion -- 2 The Challenge of the Global Business Revolution -- Introduction -- Drivers of the Big Business Revolution -- Competitive Advantage -- Industrial Concentration -- The External Firm: An Ever-Larger Sphere of Co-ordination and Planning? -- Inequality in the Regional Distribution of Firms that Lead the Global Big Business Revolution -- Revolutionary Change in Business Systems Outside the USA -- Conclusion -- 3 Policies to Build National Champions: China's 'National Team' of Enterprise Groups -- Introduction -- Strategy and Policy: 'Grasp the Large' -- Origins of the National Team's Development -- The National Team -- Pillar Industries and an Evolving Industrial Policy -- Policies Promoting Institutional Change in the Trial Business Groups -- Implementing the Policies -- Direct Support Measures -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- 4 Aerospace -- International Trends in the Aerospace Industry -- China's Aviation Industry -- Conclusion -- 5 Pharmaceuticals -- Introduction -- Changes in the Global Pharmaceutical Industry -- Commercialization of the PLA -- Growth of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry -- Sanjiu -- Conclusion -- 6 Power Equipment -- Introduction -- Main features of the Power Equipment Industry World-Wide -- The Power Generating Equipment Industry in China -- Harbin Power Equipment Company: The Competitive Struggle -- Conclusion -- 7 Oil and Petrochemicals -- The Global Setting -- The Revolution in the Chinese Oil and Gas Sector -- Conclusion -- 8 Autos and Auto Components -- Introduction -- The Global Context.

The book provides a unique examination of the relationship between the state and market in China's economic development over several centuries. Its analysis is situated in the wider context of debates about technical progress in the pre-modern world, about the impact of western imperialism, about the role of the state in the economic development of poor countries and in the transition of former communist countries away from Stalinist systems of political economy.

Questions Hirst and Zeitlin's account of the origins of manufacturing weakness in Britian and raises doubts about their specific industrial policy proposals. Argues that successive government have singularly failed to co-ordinate the development of key economic sectors, either by vertical integration promotion or through planning mechanisms such as nationalisation. (SJK)

Undergraduates often struggle with theoretical perspectives in political science. Often students can get a better handle on theories if they are able to relate them to something tangible in their experience. Lichbach and Zuckerman lay out cultural, rational actor, and structural perspectives as a way to think more systematically about comparative politics but often students struggle with these meta-theories and the different ways they encourage us to think theoretically about comparative politics. In this paper, we discuss a set of exercises that enable students to get a better handle on cultural, rational actor, and structural perspectives on comparative politics by making them 'lab rats in their own experiments.' We group these exercises together and treat them as a Comparative Politics Game Show. In this paper, we describe the different exercises and how they were used and our view of the utility of this approach for teaching comparative politics theory. Adapted from the source document.

Using data on 125 customshouses in 1885, 1886, 1890, and 1892 tests the hypothesized relationships between work volume, heterogeneity of work, organization size, 3 measures of differentiation, and 2 measures of task generalization /specialization. Results show that work volume is related to organization size, and that differentiation is driven more by the social problems of organizing people than by the instrumental problems of organizing work. (Abstract amended)

Abstract. The impact of climate change on local discharge variability is investigated in the Suir River Catchment which is located in the south-east of Ireland. In this paper, the Rossby Centre Regional Atmospheric Model (RCA) is driven by different global climate data sets. For the past climate (1961–2000), the model is driven by ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) data as well as by the output of the general circulation models (GCM's) ECHAM4 and ECHAM5. For the future simulation (2021–2060), the model is driven by two GCM scenarios: ECHAM4_B2 and ECHAM5_A2. To investigate the influence of changed future climate on local discharge, the precipitation of the model output is used as input for the HBV hydrological model. The calibration and validation results of our ERA-40 driven present day simulation shows that the HBV model can reproduce the discharge fairly well, except the extreme discharge is systematically underestimated by about 15–20%. Altogether the application of a high resolution regional climate model in connection with a conceptual hydrological model is capable of capturing the local variability of river discharge for present-day climate using boundary values assimilated with observations such as ERA-40 data. However, using GCM data to drive RCA and HBV suggests, that there is still large uncertainty connected with the GCM formulation: For present day climate the validation of the ECHAM4 and ECHAM5 driven simulations indicates stronger discharge compared to the observations due to overprediction of precipitation, especially for the ECHAM5 driven simulation in the summer season. Whereas according to the ECHAM4_B2 scenario the discharge generally increases – most pronounced in the wet winter time, there are only slight increases in winter and considerable decreases in summer according to the ECHAM5_A2 scenario. This also leads to a different behaviour in the evolution of return levels of extreme discharge events: Strong increases according to the ECHAM4_B2 scenario and slight decreases according to the ECHAM5_A2 scenario.

The file associated with this record is under embargo until 12 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. ; Detailed knowledge regarding sensor based technologies for the detection of food contamination often remains concealed within scientific journals or divided between numerous commercial kits which prevents optimal connectivity between companies and end-users. To overcome this barrier The End user Sensor Tree (TEST) has been developed. TEST is a comprehensive, interactive platform including over 900 sensor based methods, retrieved from the scientific literature and commercial market, for aquatic-toxins, mycotoxins, pesticides and microorganism detection. Key analytical parameters are recorded in excel files while a novel classification system is used which provides, tailor-made, experts' feedback using an online decision tree and database introduced here. Additionally, a critical comparison of reviewed sensors is presented alongside a global perspective on research pioneers and commercially available products. The lack of commercial uptake of the academically popular electrochemical and nanomaterial based sensors, as well as multiplexing platforms became very apparent and reasons for this anomaly are discussed. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 720325. The authors would also like to acknowledge BioMensio Limited, Finland for the sponsorship of the MPhil for Philana Nolan. ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print

Many nations responded to the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO2, other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We present the initial results from a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth system model simulations which assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. 12 models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 300 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over southern and eastern Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020–2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate. © 2021. Crown Copyright. © 2021. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Many nations responded to the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO2, other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We present the initial results from a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth system model simulations which assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. 12 models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 300 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over southern and eastern Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020–2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate. © 2021. Crown Copyright. © 2021. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.