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In 2009, Norway and Sweden completed their process of granting same-sex couples the same rights to marriage as those granted to couples of opposite sexes. Following the introduction of a specific civil status for couples of the same sex, the registered partnership, in 1993 and 1995, both countries adopted fully gender-neutral marriage legislation in 2009. In the present article, we describe the road to gender-neutral marriage in Scandinavia and map out some of the demographic developments of same-sex partnerships and marriages. We demonstrate a recent switch to higher female than male same-sex union formation, and also a higher level of female than male same-sex marriage dissolution. These demographic patterns are similar across all countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. ; Sonderheft 7, 2010. Partnerschaft und Elternschaft bei gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren. ISBN 978-3-86649-379-7.

Using data from Sweden and Norway on cohabitors aged 25 to 35, we examine the association between socio-economic resources, relationship quality and commitment and cohabitors' marriage intentions. The individualization process, i.e. the arguably growing importance of individual choice, leads us to assume that relationship assessments are more important predictors of marriage intentions than socio-economic variables. Nonetheless, multivariate results show that university education and having a partner whose education is higher than one's own increase the likelihood that cohabitors intend to marry. Likewise, being satisfied with and committed to the union is positively related to having marriage plans. Separate analyses for men and women reveal that whereas commitment is positively related to women's marriage intentions, men's marriage intentions are significantly more influenced by their own education, income, as well as the income of their partners. In this sense, one conclusion to be drawn is that both love and money are associated with cohabitors' intention to marry.

In the first part of the gender revolution, women have entered the public spheres of education, employment and politics. The next step is the process by which men enter the private sphere and share the responsibility for the care of home and children equally with their female partners. Using comparable survey data, we investigate to what extent this process is underway in Norway and Sweden, analysing both ideal and actual sharing. Young Swedish couples are clearly more in favour of egalitarian sharing of housework than their Norwegian counterparts, and also seem to apply this ideal in reality to a greater extent. This is probably due to Sweden's longer history of gender equality norms, which are more `institutionalized' in public policies (thus demonstrating path dependency). However, more or less the same explanatory factors were established to be important as those found by researchers of other, less gender-equal, societies.

AbstractThe present study investigates the demographics of same-sex marriages—that is, registered partnerships—in Norway and Sweden. We give an overview of the demographic characteristics of the spouses of these partnerships, study patterns of their divorce risks, and compare the dynamics of same-sex couples with those of heterosexual marriages. We use longitudinal information from the population registers of the two countries that cover all persons in partnerships. Our demographic analyses include information on characteristics such as age, sex, geographic background, experience of previous opposite-sex marriage, parenthood, and educational attainment of the partners involved. The results show that in many respects, the distributions of married populations on these characteristics differ by the sex composition of the couples. Patterns in divorce risks are rather similar in same-sex and opposite-sex marriages, but divorce-risk levels are considerably higher in same-sex marriages. The divorce risk for female partnerships is double that for male partnerships.

Cover -- Partnerschaft und Elternschaft bei gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren. Verbreitung, Institutionalisierung und Alltagsgestaltung -- Inhalt/Contents -- Vorwort (Marina Rupp) -- Einführungen -- Intimate relationships and parenthood in same-sex couples: An introduction (Gregory M. Herek) -- Partnerschaft und Elternschaft bei gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren: eine Einführung (Gregory M. Herek) -- Gleichgeschlechtliche Paare und ihre Kinder: Hintergrundinformationen zur Entwicklung gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensformen in Deutschland (Bernd Eggen, Marina Rupp) -- Gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen und gleichgeschlechtliche Lebensweisenim internationalen Vergleich -- Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für Regenbogenfamilien in Europa ( Nina Dethloff) -- Same-sex families in Italy, compared to Spain (Alessandra De Rose, Catherine Marquette) -- Beziehungsvielfalt, Nichtmonogamie und der Civil Partnership Act im Vereinigten Königreich (Christian Klesse) -- Legal advances and demographic developments of same-sex unions in Scandinavia (Gunnar Andersson, Turid Noack) -- Gay fathers' pathways to parenthood: Internationalperspectives (Charlotte J. Patterson, Samantha L. Tornello) -- Beziehungsgestaltung und Elternrollen -- Konzepte der Elternschaft in gleichgeschlechtlichen Lebensgemeinschaften (Pia Bergold, Marina Rupp) -- Die Verteilung elterlicher Aufgaben in lesbischen Partnerschaften (Andrea Dürnberger) -- Gleich und/oder doch verschieden? Narrative Paaridentität als Fokus einer vergleichenden Studie zu homo- und heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen (Maja S. Maier) -- Der Institutionalisierungsprozess gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensgemeinschaften (Rüdiger Lautmann) -- Attitudes towards adoptive parents, child age, and child gender: The role of applicants' sexual orientation (Melanie Caroline Steffens, Kai J. Jonas) -- Autorinnen und Autoren