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While sixty-five thousand undocumented students graduate high school annually,1 a dismal 49% of undocumented students drop out.2 Various laws and policies make higher education, and education generally, unattainable and difficult,3 especially since all undocumented students have a guaranteed right to a K-12 education.4 While President Obamas executive orders have opened access and opportunities for undocumented students,5 the election of President Trump and policies of his Administration have sparked contentious political, societal, and litigious debates surrounding undocumented immigration and specifically for undocumented students. This law review article will: (1) examine the current state of affairs in educational attainment of undocumented students, (2) examine the federal and state policies that impact higher education access to undocumented students, including, but not limited to, state legislation, state action, institutional policies, and federal executive orders, and (3) provide a history of the sanctuary movement, an examination of various campus sanctuary policies, and an analysis of the legality of this debate. ; Belmont Law Review

Disaster legal services -- Skills pedagogy and legal ethics in a law school disaster recovery clinic -- Understanding compassion fatigue resiliency while providing disaster legal services -- Moving beyond empowering the "vulnerable" to deliver value and outcomes in disaster legal services to the marginalized -- Federal disaster individual sssistance programs -- Advocate's guide to navigating FEMA individual and households program -- FEMA disaster relief and title, homeownership, and heirs' properties -- Navigating a flood insurance claim post-pisaster -- Disaster relief, tenant rights, and rental housing.

When economists talk about 'measurement' they tend to refer to metrics that can capture changes in quantity, quality and distribution of goods and services. In this paper we argue that the digital transformation of the economy, particularly the rise of cloud computing as a general-purpose technology, can pose serious challenges to traditional concepts and practices of economic measurement. In the first part we show how quality-adjusted prices of cloud services have been falling rapidly over the past decade, which is currently not captured by the deflators used in official statistics. We then discuss how this enabled the spread of data-driven business models, while also lowering entry barriers to advanced production techniques such as artificial intelligence or robotic-process-automation. It is likely that these process innovations are not fully measured at present. A final challenge to measurement arises from the fragmentation of value chains across borders and increasing use of intangible intermediate inputs such as intellectual property and data. While digital technologies make it very easy for these types of inputs to be transferred within or between companies, existing economic statistics often fail to capture them at all.

AbstractThis chapter will advance understanding on how leadership learning occurs in graduate and professional school contexts and suggests how social class should be considered in the planning, implementation, and outcomes of preparing individuals to lead in their fields of choice.

Accessing quality research when not part of an academic institution can be challenging. Dating back to the 1980s, open access (OA) was a response to journal publishers who restricted access to publications by requiring a subscription and limited access to knowledge. Although the OA movement seeks to remove costly barriers to accessing research, especially when funded by state and federal governments, it remains the subject of continuous debates. After providing a brief overview of OA, this article summarizes OA statutory and regulatory developments at the federal and state levels regarding free and open access to research. It compares similarities and differences among enacted and proposed legislation and describes the advantages and disadvantages of these laws. It analyzes the effects of these laws in higher education, especially on university faculty regarding tenure and promotion decisions as well as intellectual property rights to provide recommendations and best practices regarding the future of legislation and regulation in the United States.

In this article, we examine policies related to in-state resident tuition and state financial aid policies aimed at undocumented students. To help frame the discussion and spark further debate and research in this area the article seeks to do three things. First, it provides a comprehensive review of state and institutional in-state tuition policies aimed at undocumented students as well as state college or university system responses. Second, it charts the policy landscape for state financial aid access for this population. Third, it examines the numerous implications that such policies engender and highlights the role of the federal government and the proposed Dream Act in mitigating some of these concerns. It closes by underscoring the important financial role played by the critical interaction of state, institutional, and federal policies in making college going a reality for these students while proposing avenues for future study around the issue. ; En este artículo, examinamos las políticas relacionadas con la matrícula residente en el estado y las políticas de ayuda financiera estatal dirigidas a estudiantes indocumentados. Para ayudar a enmarcar la discusión y estimular el debate y la investigación en esta área, el artículo busca hacer tres cosas. En primer lugar, proporciona una revisión exhaustiva de las políticas estatales e institucionales de matrícula en el estado dirigidas a estudiantes indocumentados, así como a las respuestas estatales del sistema universitario o universitario. En segundo lugar, muestra el panorama político para el acceso de la ayuda financiera estatal a esta población. En tercer lugar, examina las numerosas implicaciones que tales políticas engendran y destaca el papel del gobierno federal y la Dream Act propuesta para mitigar algunas de estas preocupaciones. Se cierra subrayando el papel financiero importante desempeñado por la interacción crítica de las políticas estatales, institucionales y federales para hacer de la universidad una realidad para estos estudiantes, al tiempo que propone caminos para el estudio futuro sobre el tema. ; Neste artigo, examinamos as políticas relacionadas com a educação residente no estado e políticas de auxílio financeiro estadual destinadas a estudantes sem documentos. Para ajudar a enquadrar a discussão e estimular mais debates e pesquisas nesta área, o artigo procura fazer três coisas. Primeiro, ele fornece uma revisão abrangente das políticas estatais e institucionais de matrícula no estado destinadas aos estudantes sem documentos, bem como as respostas do sistema estadual ou universitário estadual. Em segundo lugar, ele traça o cenário político para o acesso da ajuda financeira do estado para esta população. Em terceiro lugar, examina as inúmeras implicações que essas políticas engendram e destaca o papel do governo federal e do Dream Act proposto na mitigação de algumas dessas preocupações. Conclui ressaltando o importante papel financeiro desempenhado pela interação crítica das políticas estaduais, institucionais e federais para tornar a faculdade uma realidade para esses estudantes, ao mesmo tempo em que propõe caminhos para o estudo futuro sobre a questão.

The perpetration of violence against women by men is an important social issue. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that particular individual factors increase risk of perpetration; however, much of the research occurs outside of social contexts. The current study examined the manipulation of feedback valence on male participants' competitive intent, conceptualized as a precursor to aggression, against a female confederate following a social stress task. It was expected that negative feedback (i.e., experimental condition) would elicit greater increases in competitive intent compared with positive feedback (i.e., control condition). However, it was also expected that this increase in competitive intent would be moderated by individual difference factors (i.e., physical aggression, hostility, emotion regulation difficulties, and psychological symptoms). The results suggest differential responding between the experimental and control conditions for competitive intent. Physical aggression, emotion regulation difficulties, and depression symptom severity moderated the differences in competitive intent in the experimental condition.

Background: Vibrational stability is a natural phenomenon where a system if vibrating at sufficiently high frequencies, can bring itself back into a stable state if perturbed. This is akin to the high frequency flapping that hummingbirds and insects employ to maintain a hovering position and fly. Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) are a subset of air vehicles that have a size restriction and are commonly used for commercial, military, and reconnaissance purposes where larger devices are not feasible. With the idea of combining vibrational stability with micro air vehicle restrictions, we aim to study and manufacture a mechanism capable of producing this flapping motion and conduct performance testing to compare a manufactured "quadflapper" with more conventional quadcopters/drones. Preliminary performance testing between a "quadflapper" utilizing a passive pitching, flapping mechanism found in a toy [insert name of toy] and a similar set-up that replaced the toy mechanism with propellors was conducted. These two set-ups differed only in their lift mechanism and a circuit board. The quadcopter had a mass of 57.51 grams and an operating time of 8 minutes whereas the quadflapper had a mass of 53.97 grams and an operating time of 6 minutes. By performing a simple lift experiment with incremental weight added to a load, we found that the quadcopter set-up could produce 119.42 grams of maximum lift while the quadflapper produced 103.32 grams. This showed that the quadcopter was able to produce more lift and maintain a longer operating time despite its heavier base mass. However, the quadflapper responded much better when faced with physical perturbances during testing such as obstacle collisions. In most cases, it was able to fix itself and maintain steady flight afterward which shows that could potentially be employing vibrational stability to correct itself without any feedback. Further experimentation must be done to quantify this otherwise inadequate measure of relative stability and maneuverability. Furthermore, we are also working on the design and manufacturing of an active pitching mechanism. The "toy" mechanism currently on the quadflapper employs passive pitching which means that only the top portion of the wing is being moved. The lower portions are affected by wind and air flow, so the pitching angle is also dependent on these factors. A new design must control both the top and bottom portion of the wing to create an active pitching angle. To create the flapping motion, we designed and modified linkages to be actuated by a crankshaft and electric motor system. The wings are then attached to the system of linkages. Two similar systems of linkages are located above and below each other, which creates the control of the pitching angle. This will reduce the effects of air flow and provide more control and lessen the variability of the flight. Future progression in the design portion of this project is focused on the redesign of the toy mechanism to employ an active pitching angle and redesign and modification of a Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) design. The current ULB redesign employs a motor-driven central shaft that drives a top and bottom crankshaft to control their respective portions of the wing. Mathematically, the system identification team has been working find the equations of motion and forces relevant to a model of hummingbird flight. This has evolved into the creation of a testing rig to visually record the airflow around the wings of a single flapping mechanism. A better understanding of the mathematics, physics, and fluid dynamics of the flapping system may prove useful for further optimization of the quadflapper and flapping designs in general.

The advancing industry of biotherapeutics is providing the public with new promising and innovative drugs which may pose risks if their production, distribution, and marketing are not directly governed by legislation. Apart from international agreements, such as the Cartagena Protocol, there are no specific and direct laws or regulations governing manipulated cell-based therapeutics in Canada. The introduction of these laws and regulations in Canada will allow for the safe research and use of biotherapeutics in a proactive manner.

AbstractIntroductionSpecial needs dentistry (SND) is an emerging dental specialty, with ongoing developments in education and clinical practice focused towards the tailored management of individuals with special needs (SN). Patients with SN have a higher prevalence of oral diseases and unmet dental needs compared to the general population. Although inadequate training and experience in managing patients with SN has been highlighted as a significant barrier to accessing care, there is limited data about the extent of SND teaching at the entry‐to‐practice or higher levels.MethodsThis work is the first to map SND curricula globally, across 180 countries and 1265 dental schools.ResultsAlthough 74.62% of dental schools were found in developing economies, the distribution of programs that reported SND in their courses was highly skewed towards developed countries. In terms of advanced degrees, beyond basic entry‐to‐practice training, the USA delivered 60% of the SND programs, followed by Canada (15.56%), UK (13.33%), and Australia (8.89%). The term SND appeared in 33.95% of entry‐to‐practice level program curricula and was less commonly used in transitioning economies. Only 112 SND‐specialized practitioners enter the workforce globally each year from developed economies, and all but three advanced degrees are found in G7 countries.ConclusionBy exploring the impact of economic status on its distribution, this paper highlighted the lack of SND representation in dental curricula, especially amongst programs in transitioning or developing economies. Education of both general dentists and specialists is critical as a collaborative effort is needed to manage the growing population of patients with SN.