Traumatic spinal cord injury results in severe neurological deficits, mostly irreversible. The cell therapy represents a strategy for treatment particularly with the use of stem cells with satisfactory results in several experimental models. The aim of the study was to compare the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) with and without mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), to investigate whether MSCs migrate and/or remain at the site of injury, and to analyze the effects of MSCs on inflammation, astrocytic reactivity and activation of endogenous stem cells. Three hours after SCI, animals received bone marrow-derived MSCs (1×107 in 1mL PBS, IV). Animals were euthanized 24 hours, 7 and 21 days post-injury. The MSC were not present in the site of the lesion and the immunofluorescent evaluation showed significant attenuation of inflammatory response with reduction in macrophages labeled with anti-CD68 antibody (ED1), decreased immunoreactivity of astrocytes (GFAP+) and greater activation of endogenous stem cells (nestin+) in the treated groups. Therefore, cell transplantation have a positive effect on recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury possibly due to the potential of MSCs to attenuate the immune response.
O estudo histológico e morfométrico do intestino delgado de capivaras adultas Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris foi desenvolvido neste trabalho, enfatizando particularidades do duodeno, jejuno e íleo. Foram coletados fragmentos das porções cranial, medial e caudal de cada segmento intestinal, submetidos ao processamento histológico de rotina e corados pelas técnicas de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Alcian Blue-Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O intestino delgado da capivara é semelhante ao da maioria dos mamíferos em relação à sua estrutura histológica, sendo constituído pelas camadas mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa. Não houve diferença significativa na espessura dessas camadas entre os segmentos intestinais. Pregas espessas e ramificadas foram encontradas ao longo do intestino delgado, sendo mais desenvolvidas no duodeno. Observaram-se vilosidades digitiformes e com outras formas, além de vilosidades ramificadas, e uma espessa borda em escova. Glândulas de Brünner foram observadas na porção cranial do duodeno, distribuídas na camada submucosa e na área basal da camada mucosa, além de numerosas células caliciformes ao longo do intestino delgado, ambas apresentando glicoconjugados ácidos e neutros. Várias células de defesa foram encontradas no tecido conjuntivo das camadas mucosa e submucosa, principalmente linfócitos difusos ou constituindo nódulos linfóides que se associam para formar as placas de Peyer na porção caudal do íleo. Células de Paneth e células enteroendócrinas também foram detectadas no epitélio intestinal. Palavras-chave: Roedores. Morfologia. Histometria. Trato Digestivo.
Abstract The histological and morphometric study of the small intestine of adult capybaras Hydrochoerushydrochaeriswas developed in this work, emphasizing particularities of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Fragments of the cranial, medial, and caudal portions of each intestinal segment were collected, submitted to the routine histological processing, and stained by the techniques of Hematoxylin-Eosin, Alcian Blue, and Periodic Acid Schiff. The small intestine of the capybara, regarding its histological structure, is similar to most mammals, composedofthe mucosal, submucosal, muscular, and serosal layers. There was no significant difference in the thickness of those layers among the intestinal segments. Thick and ramified folds were found along the small intestine, being more developed in the duodenum. Finger-shaped villus and with other forms, besides ramified villus, and a thick brush border were observed. Brünner's glands were seen in the cranial portion of the duodenum, distributed in the submucosal and the basal area of the mucosal layer, as well as numerous goblet cells along the small intestine, both presenting acid, and neutral glycoconjugates. Several defense cells were found in the connective tissue of the mucosal and submucosal layers, mainly lymphocytes, diffuse or forming lymphoid nodules, which aggregate to form Payer´s patches in the caudal portion of the ileum. Paneth´s cells and enteroendocrine cells were also detected in the intestinal epithelium.
