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This essay draws together political theory on immigration and theories of neoliberalism to examine their shared interest in the individual's ability to have agency and be acted upon by the nation-state. Though both theoretical perspectives tend to separate these subject and object positions, this essay argues that Ruth L. Ozeki's novel My Year of Meats helpfully problematizes such a bracketed understanding by narrating the complex political and economic positionality known as cultural citizenship. Ozeki shows, through the character of Japanese housewife Akiko Ueno, how an immigrant's subject and object positions cannot be separated from one another within the transnational work of neoliberalism. Individual agency and external control occur simultaneously until they are difficult to distinguish. Ozeki navigates various artistic, economic, and political conflicts to show that they cannot be separated into simple binaries. Instead, the narrative foregrounds the simultaneity of these experiences to suggest opportunities for freedom and agency are both possible and impossible all at once. This essay contends that My Year of Meats envisions forms of substantive individual and communal resistance to neoliberal values while also identifying how socially-produced cultural citizenship still places immigrants within the purview of the neoliberal nation-state.

James L. McClain, A Modern History of Japan. NY and London: W.W. Norton and Co., 2002. Pp. 650. L. M. Cullen, A History of Japan, 1542–1941. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. 376. Andrew Gordon, A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. 400.

"Emphasis Framing and Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.

Commands issued by traffic markers are not meant to be acted upon by every driver. Drivers are intended only to obey signs placed at right angles to the lane they are driving. Perception of orientation is therefore important in determining whether or not the command is to be obeyed. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience indicate that ordinary types of traffic markers have surface characteristics difficult to accurately localize. An experiment in which subjects indicated the orientation of a traffic marker confirmed the hypothesis. It was concluded that ordinary traffic markers have a serious psychological defect. Factors modifying this defect were discussed.

Commands issued by traffic markers are not meant to be acted upon by every driver. Drivers are intended to only obey -signs placed at right angles to the lane they are driving. Perception of orientation is therefore important in determining whether or not the command is to be obeyed. Experimentation shows that flat surface markers are grossly mislocated under many circumstances and are hence faulty devices for referring commands. Curved surface markers are more accurately located due to the fact that they change in proportion rapidly as they leave the frontal plane. Highway use of curved markers is suggested.