Suchergebnisse

Las formas de acceso a los recursos naturales del ejido, la distribución de los apoyos gubernamentales y el derecho sobre la tenencia de la tierra son problemas en el ejido mexicano que están asociados a políticas neoliberales. El artículo explora las diferentes formas de tensión y conflicto entre ejidatarios y pobladores de tres ejidos del municipio de Calakmul, Campeche. Se abordan diferentes interpretaciones y factores que caracterizan el problema agrario actual. Con base en trabajo etnográfico, incluyendo entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales, se analizan los conflictos entre ejidatarios y pobladores que no tienen vínculos familiares con el grupo ejidal. Encontramos un escenario de tensión y rencores derivado de decisiones y riesgos asumidos por los grupos en pugna para participar en el mercado y buscar opciones de sobrevivencia. Concluimos que es necesario repensar el conflicto generado por la lucha de los recursos del ejido y los efectos no deseados que producen los programas gubernamentales.

© 2020, The Author(s). Perceptions of climate change, the impacts of and responses to climatic variability and extreme weather are explored in three communities in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, in relation to livelihood resilience. These communities provide examples of the most common livelihood strategies across the region: small-scale fisheries (San Felipe) and semi-subsistence small-holder farming (Tzucacab and Calakmul). Although the perception that annual rainfall is reducing is not supported by instrumental records, changes in the timing of vital summer rainfall and an intensification of the mid-summer drought (canicula) are confirmed. The impact of both droughts and hurricanes on livelihoods and crop yields was reported across all communities, although the severity varied. Changes in traditional milpa cultivation were seen to be driven by less reliable rainfall but also by changes in Mexico's agricultural and wider economic policies. Diversification was a common adaptation response across all communities and respondents, resulting in profound changes in livelihood strategies. Government attempts to reduce vulnerability were found to lack continuity, be hard to access and too orientated toward commercial scale producers. Population growth, higher temperatures and reduced summer rainfall will increase the pressures on communities reliant on small-scale farming and fishing, and a more nuanced understanding of both impacts and adaptations is required for improved livelihood resilience. Greater recognition of such local-scale adaptation strategies should underpin the developing Mexican National Adaptation Policy and provide a template for approaches internationally as adaptation becomes an increasingly important part of the global strategy to cope with climate change.