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This article analyses how identity-based conflicts in Nigeria and national policy solutions to these conflicts affect the goals of cosmopolitanism. Cosmopolitanism refers to the idea of an individual defined as a citizen of a single global community. Marxist political economy theory guided the analysis. The article provides insights into the dynamics of indigene-settlers' claims and contentions, and their causal linkages to climate change and herder-farmer conflicts, and argues that the politicisation of the conflict has implicated national policy solutions in such a way that they result in the devaluation of Nigerian citizenship and discriminatory tendencies that weaken solidarity between ethnic groups. Yet, building stronger ties amongst citizens and groups is a prerequisite for effective collective action against threats posed by climate change. The article concludes that climate solutions and policy responses to identity conflicts must be reconceptualised to re-enter the ideals of cosmopolitanism while recognising indigenous rights and identities.

This article analyses the role of violence in the emergence of political leadership in village-communities of Nigeria's Niger Delta. The article makes three overarching arguments. First, that individuals involved in violent militancy and youth cultism (gangs) use violence to attain political power within communities in the Niger Delta. When they succeed, these individuals become the new elites in their communities. This power is often focused on appropriating traditional authority. Second, the use of violence to take control of traditional governance structures reduces the moral authority that legitimizes traditional leadership. Third, the struggle by everyday people and factions within villages to reclaim traditional authority from violent actors creates contentious leadership in communities. These arguments highlight the crisis being experienced by traditional forms of governance in Nigeria's Niger Delta as a result of the proliferation of violence in the region. Based on empirical data obtained from ethnic communities heavily impacted by militancy and youth cultism in Rivers State, the article found that competitive struggles amongst the local elites in communities over the control of cult groups, and economic and political spaces of traditional authority shape the dynamics of cult wars, political violence and contentious leadership in the Niger Delta.

This article aims at analyzing the nature and role of the United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) in the governance security in Africa. It depended on secondary data, which were obtained from journals, newspapers, books, and annual reports on the activities of the Command. A combination of thematic, content and historical methods of data analysis was used to interpret and explain the nature, role, and challenges of AFRICOM in the governance of security in Africa. Guided by the theory of securitization, the results indicate that the nature of AFRICOM's security governance reflects continuity and change in the United States' militarism in Africa and the evolving character of the securitization order in the continent since the events of 9/11. The analysis shows that the securitization role of AFRICOM involves competitive militarisation strategically designed to contain the rising economic and political influence of China on the continent. Yet, its counterterrorism operations fall short of addressing the structural sources of Africa's security predicaments. In these contexts, AFRICOM's activities have had little or any significant impact on the protection of life and property in Africa. In fact, by articulating and reproducing Africa as security deficient and security dependent on the West, the concept and activities of AFRICOM broadly constitute a phase in the genealogies of coloniality of Western militarism and securitization in the continent.

Understanding Postcolonial African Frontiers : History, Theory, Policy and Practice / John Idriss Lahai and Tanya Lyons . - The West African Warscapes : Rebel Factions, Insurgent Opportunism and State Governance / John Idriss Lahai and Tanya Lyons . - Reconsidering Rebel Governance / Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Georg Frerks, Boukje Kistemaker, Nora Stel and Niels Terpstra . - Embracing Neo-Liberalism in Uganda and Rwanda / Noel Twagiramungu . - The International Responsibility to Protect and the Conflict in Darfur / John Idriss Lahai . - State Collapse, Counter-Insurgency and Security Governance in Somalia / Oscar Gakuo Mwangi . - Nigerian State Responses to Insurgency / Daniel E. Agbiboa . - Coping with Vulnerability : Civil War Avoidance in Guinea, 1984-2010 / Mamadou Diouma Bah . - Breaks with the Past : Conflict, Displacement, Resettlement and the Evolution of Forest Socioecologies in Sierra Leone / Paul Munro and Greg van der Horst . - Arming Community Vigilantes in the Niger Delta : Implications for Peacebuilding / Kialee Nyiayaana . - Neo-Liberal Peacebuilding in Libya : Sketching the Path to Reconciliation / Saira Bano Orakzai . - Building Peace with Warlords in South Sudan : A Gendered Structure / David Duriesmith . - Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo / Mbekezeli Comfort Mkhize . - From Insurgency to Governance and Peacebuilding : Africa's Future / John Lahai and Tanya Lyons

The development of socially diverse societies depends on social cohesiveness. Yet the subject has remained mainly understudied. This article discusses the level of social cohesion in Nigeria and its consequences for policy. Using primary and secondary dat

This book interrogates how identities are politicized, transformed, and mobilized throughout the African continent to demonstrate alternatives for nation building. It examines ways of transforming identity and provides concrete options where institutions and technology mobilize for education and empowerment around issues of African identities.

1. State Fragility, State Formation, and Human Security in Nigeria: Introduction, Concepts, and Questions; Mojúbàolú Olúfúnké Okome 1. - 2. State and Civil Society in Nigeria in the Era of Structural Adjustment Program, 1986-1993; Mojúbàolú Olúfúnké Okome 33. - 3. 'Civil' or 'Uncivil' Society? Revisiting the Proliferation of Ethnic Organizations in Southern Nigeria; Adedayo Oluwakayode Adekson 59. - 4. From 'Area-Boyism' to 'Junctions and Bases': Youth Social Formation and the Micro Structures of Violence in Lagos Island; Olawale Ismail 87. - 5. State Failure and Niger Delta Conflict; Ben Naanen and Kialee Nyiayaana 111. - 6. Anatomy of Conflicts in Northern Nigeria; C. Nna-Emeka Okereke 147. - 7. Social Obligations of the Church in a Failed Nigerian State; Dapo F. Asaju and Harriet Seun Dapo-Asaju 189. - 8. The Role of the Christian Church in Building Civil Society in Nigeria; Rotimi Williams Omotoye and Elisabeth DeCampos 205. - 9. An Assessment of Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding Capabilities in Nigeria: Reflections of a Practitioner; Ayokunle Fagbemi 221