Suchergebnisse

Uganda lies almost wholly within the Nile Basin and is a country characterised as well-endowed with water resources. Receiving considerable inflows of aid since the early 1990s, some of this aid emerging after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro enabled the country to begin a process of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), taking the lead from Chapter 18 of Agenda 21. With a focus on more comprehensively managing the country's critical water endowment amidst growing pressure on the resource, bilateral technical assistance and financial support played a large part in backstopping these national efforts. Nevertheless, in spite of this support and government backing, some two decades later implementation on the ground remains thin and the exercise of IWRM in practice is limited. This paper examines the Ugandan IWRM experience and identifies complex political-economy issues lying at the heart of current challenges. It argues that rarely is there likely to be an easy fix to sustainable financing and suggests the need for stronger citizen engagement and buy-in to the wider logic of IWRM to support longer-term effectiveness and sustainability.

Introduction / Diana Suhardiman, Alan Nicol, Everisto Mapedza -- Power and politics in water governance : revisiting the role of collective action in the commons / Diana Suhardiman, Louis Lebel, Alan Nicol, Theresa Wong -- The collective is political : lessons from the Nile Basin Initiative / Alan Nicol and Ana Cascao -- Grassroots scalar politics in the Peruvian Andes : mobilising allies to defend community waters in the Upper Pampas watershed / Andres Verzijl, Jaime Hoogesteger, Rutgerd Boelens -- Hydro-hegemony or water security community? : collective action, cooperation and conflict in the SADC transboundary security complex / Richard Meissner and Jeroen Warner -- Place attachment and community resistance : evidence from the Cheay Areng and Lower Sesan 2 dams in Cambodia / Oliver Hensengerth -- Politics of knowledge and collective action in health impact assessment in Thailand : the experience of Khao Hinsorn community / Carl Middleton, Somporn Pengkham, Areeya Tivasuradej -- Agricultural water management in matrilineal societies of Malawi : land ownership and implications for collective action / Everisto Mapedza, Emelder Tagutanazvo, Barbara van Koppen, Christopher Manyamba -- Collective action, community and the peasant economy in Andean highland water control / Rutgerd Boelens and Jaime Hoogesteger -- Collective action and governance challenges in the Tonle Sap Great Lake, Cambodia / Sanjiv de Silva, Kim Miratori, Ram C Bastakoti, Blake D Ratner -- Goldmining, dispossessing the commons, and multi-scalar responses : the case of Cerro de San Pedro, Mexico / Didi Stoltenborg and Rutgerd Boelens -- Key constraints and collective action challenges for groundwater governance in the eastern Gangetic plains / Ram C Bastakoti, Fraser Sugden, Manita Raut, Surendra Shrestha -- Stakeholder perspectives on transboundary water cooperation in the Indus River basin / Muhammad Azeem Ali Shah and Panchali Saikia -- Reimagining South Asia : hopes for an Indus basin network / Medha Bisht -- Structure, agency, and challenges for inclusive water governance at basin scale : comparing Mekong with the Nile / Everisto Mapedza, Diana Suhardiman, Alan Nicol -- Synthesis : power, alliances and pathways for collective action / Diana Suhardiman, Alan Nicol, Everisto Mapedza

The history of Karamoja, a subregion in the far northeast of Uganda, is complex and scarred by conflict. For centuries, this subregion has been a remote area of agropastoralism situated on the sociological and ecological border between the Nile and Turkana basins. At the far eastern tip of the Nile Basin, a sweeping escarpment from Karamoja runs down into the Lake Turkana Basin with major temperature and rainfall gradients that result in significant patterns of transhumance, as the Turkana people to the east seek access to the more plentiful water and grazing resources in Karamoja to the west. In this paper, we call this complex of relations and resources the 'Karamoja-Turkana Complex' (KTC) and examine the political-economy relationships therein. We look at policy on water resources management and development, including choices made on siting and developing water sources, the kinds of narratives employed by the government, and the underlying tensions and conflicts between major social groups sharing these scarce resources. We base our analysis of the situation on a wider assessment of the water management challenges combined with a detailed examination of two large dams – Arachek and Longoromit – recently constructed in the Karamoja subregion. Findings from the study highlighted that (i) interlinked systems within the KTC can generate new disputes and pressures on resources; (ii) water management within Karamoja and Turkana requires a broader view that extends beyond the watershed, because competition for water is part of the wider context of KTC; and (iii) power structures and processes associated with the development of water structures are important but poorly understood despite continued resource allocation. The paper makes four recommendations: (i) catchment management institutions need to take ownership of new developments; (ii) a checklist is provided to achieve more effective outcomes from the siting and design of surface water storage structures; (iii) improve management oversight after completion of projects; and (iv) undertake water-pasture management consultations across the KTC.

The increasing demand for water, energy and food, and the interdependence of these systems could lead to potential human conflict in the future. This was seen in the food crisis of 2008, which stirred a renewed interest in taking a "systems" approach to managing resources. The initial flurry of activities led to many nexus frameworks, but there remains a gap between theory and its implementation. This paper tries to look at various frameworks and unpacks the concept of nexus in order to develop matrices to help quantify and understand the interlinkages between the nexus systems. It suggests multi-level and multi-system indices to measure the health of nexus systems and to identify the weak links. It is hoped that such frameworks can be used at country level, and eventually be used to measure and rank countries on the health of their systems. The paper suggests a questionnaire that can be used (after modifying for local conditions) to collect country-level institutional and political-economy data (which is difficult to get from online resources) to be used in the framework.

The general concept of security has evolved from being associated with national security concerns tied to ideas of territory, to encompassing larger issues linked to individual well-being and global risks. This article will seek to open up the current analysis to assess what the existing understandings and meanings of water security realities are, and how they play out in contexts ranging from water and food security to water and health debates. Adapted from the source document.