Suchergebnisse

Public sphere which is popularized by Habermas is a historical review of the critical discussions in response to the political realities which happened in the 18th century society. The emergence of the internet as new media gives broader transformation, both practically and theoretically, on how public sphere occurs in the virtual world. Characteristics of the internet as media, users who access it and the information which is distributed in virtual public sphere basically become a vital point to see what the real character of public sphere in the virtual world is. Keywords: public sphere, new media, network, information

It is interesting to look at the Head of Criminal Investigation statement of the Indonesian National Police Commissioner General Ito Sumardi (Kompas, 22/9/2010), which warns that the crime of terrorism is closely related to ideology. Sociologist Van Dijk (1993) states that ideology is basically a mental system that is exchanged, represented both in the level of discourse and action to achieve certain goals or desires in a groups (defined as the system of mental representations and processes of group members). Why (technology) Internet so powerful in spreading the message of terrorism? First, the interaction happens on internet can be done anywhere and anytime. Second, Internet users in Indonesia, which are increasingly growing in number, allow access to the site or content to be easily obtained terrorism. Third, Internet medium provides not only cheap but free access. Fourth, the Internet allows anyone to construct new identity. In fact it proves that the identities of individuals in cyber world are individuals who have two possibilities. It could be the same or different identities as in the real world. Furthermore, the individual does not only have one identity per se on the internet, they could have multiple identities as well as different characteristics from each other. In addition, according to Gilmore (1996), those on the Internet nobody knows you at all, neither knows your race nor your sex. This is the opportunities that could be used by the perpetrators of terrorism to spread the ideology of terrorism and violence in the name of religion without having to worried their identity will be revealed.

Social media is no longer just a channel for users to socialise with each other on the Internet but also mediates the spreading of information to applications that can be utilised in the practice of legal aspects in the economy. The character of social media, which is full of information, forms a network (networking), stores data (archive), and interactivity which is an important point in the development of legal aspects in the economy related to online loans. Using virtual ethnography on the discourse of digital citizens in the comments column of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Instagram account regarding Daftar 102 Pinjaman Online Legal Berizin OJK, this study concludes that social media is a source for users (1) to seek information; (2) spread information; and (3) functiom as a centre and gateway for information that exists throughout social media users who consciously or not have been involved as a tool of discourse among netizen in a virtual community related to legal aspects in the economy. Information contestation cannot be avoided because, in reality, on social media, any user can produce and distribute content and have a great influence on the opinions of other users.

The Internet's rapid development has created a new space, namely digital space, in people's life. This digital space, which is created by the advancement in information and communication technology, provides an alternative for the community to get an advantage. The community can engage in a variety of activities. One of them is to communicate. Due to the presence of digital space, a new communication culture by using Internet has emerged. The purpose of this research is to discover how Internet speech (Netspeak) is used in conversation in the Kaskus online community. Virtual ethnography was used as a research method. This study attempted to find out how culture, interactions, and structures shape the cybersocial reality in the Kaskus forum. This study describes various Internet languages that users use to express and communicate what they have in mind. The slang language is used by the Kaskusers to: (1) familiarize themselves with others, (2) express themselves, (3) inform about something, (4) give their regret, (5) insinuate, and (6) to buy and sell. In comparison, emoticons are used as: (1) the sign of friendship, (2) the sign of expressing emotions, (3) the sign of satire, and (4) the sign of telling something.

The Salafi community is known as a group of Islamic conservatism that seeks to preserve the rules of the Prophet Muhammad. Salafists, in general, seek to purify the teachings of Islam by rejecting modernity. However, Salafi media, Rodja, instead of utilized advances in modern communication technology to spread conservative ideology. Through Instagram, Salafi virtual communities practice digital capitalism. Therefore, the study aims to reveal how Salafi media Rodja utilizes features on Rodjatv's Instagram social media to attract followers and gain financial benefits through the practice of digital capitalism virtually. Using new media analysis in a qualitative approach to virtual ethnographic methods, the study explained how two characteristics of new media, namely interactivity and digital capitalism, could drive the participation of Salafi virtual communities. The results uncovered that religious content uploaded on Rodjatv's Instagram became a means of aggregation of Salafism followers, which were then employed to accumulate capital in media business activity. This practice of digital capitalism by Salafism later became an inspiration for other da'wah groups. On the other hand, communication and informatics authorities, together with legislative institutions, need to make clear regulations regarding the use of social media for the benefit of religious da'wah, because in addition to legal loopholes from the economic side, such as taxes and others, social media used by certain ideological groups tend to invite socio-political insecurity in the long term exclusively