Suchergebnisse

Challenges conservative & progressive perspectives on the implications of demographic changes brought on by Latin American & Asian immigration to the US, focusing on Mexican immigrants. Whiteness in the US is seen as a form of elitist cultural capital, & the notion of "raceclass" is offered as a lens through which to understand majority white objections to Mexican Americans. Hegemonic forms of whiteness in the US are delineated before addressing those raceclass factors that contribute to white evaluations of Mexican Americans: given & surnames, command of English, phenotype, height, religion, social class, & ethnic & racial identity. Next, six terms of Mexican-origin self-reference are examined to shed light on the degree of social distance that Mexican Americans place between themselves & majority whites: the national terms of Mexicano, Mexican, Chicano, & Mexican American, & the pannational terms of Latino & Hispanic. It is then noted that the social distance between Mexican & African Americans remains large, with data from the 1990 Latino Political survey revealing Mexican Americans show the most warmth toward whites & the least toward blacks. The wide Mexican-black social distance may be attributable to the former's immigrant status, ie, per Lucie Cheng & Yen Le Espiritu's (1989) immigrant hypothesis. Nativity & educational attainment play a role in warmer Mexican American attitudes toward blacks. Because racial & ethnic categories are not fixed & stable, it is unlikely that neither conservative nor progressive views on immigrant-related demographic change will come to pass. Instead, suggesting that the Mexican-origin population cannot be viewed as a monolithic entity, a three-way split of whites, blacks, & browns is predicted with Mexican Americans identifying as white or brown, portending a number of alternatives for future race relations. 2 Tables, 3 Figures. J. Zendejas

Data from the 1979 National Chicano Survey conducted in the southwestern US were drawn on to form a subsample of 253 working civilian males ages 18-65, divided by skin tone (N = 66 light, 107 medium, & 80 dark), which was used to identify employment & wage discrimination based on physical appearance. The results show that Chicanos with dark skin & Native American physical characteristics received significantly lower wages than did those with lighter skin & more European characteristics; no other variables were found to affect income levels. It is noted, however, that Chicanos of all skin tones & physical types had incomes significantly less than those of non-Hispanic whites. 5 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

One widely recognized indicator of minority assimilation into the majority society is intermarriage between minority & majority groups, but there are costs for minority members entering into exogamous unions with a spouse from a majority culture. Age differences are used as a measure of spouse power inequalities to test the hypothesis that Mexican Americans entering into exogamous marriages yield the age advantages they would have had in endogamous unions. Data drawn from marriage records of Bexar & Hidalgo Counties, Tex, & Bernalillo County, NM, between 1964 & 1973, confirm this hypothesis for Fs but not for Ms. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 11 References. Modified HA

Observed rates of Spanish surname (Mexican-American) exogamy for marriages & individuals, by sex, are considered in conjunction with expected rates calculated as probabilities based on the size of the minority relative to the total population marrying. A number of possible determinants of differentials in Mexican-American intermarriage rates -- in particular those having to do with the demographic & SE context of several areas in the Southwest -- are taken into account. Although the secular trend suggests slow movment toward higher levels of exogamy, the results of the present analysis indicate that the slope of the trend line varies considerably among areas. Currently, incidence of exogamy is increasing slowly, if at all, & in at least one area may be declining. If the rate of intermarriage constitutes a primary indicator of the degree of assimilation of a minority, it must be concluded that the Mexican-American population will continue to represent a distinct sociocultural entity for some time to come. 3 Tables. AA.

Many assume that the Internet introduces youth and young adults to dangerous information and substances while others contend that open and free access to accurate drug use information is critical to reducing dangerous behaviors. The primary goal of this book is to take the debate about drug use and the Internet from polemic discourse to social scientific investigation. Our work highlights the variety of ways to examine drug use as a social problem, and several theoretical perspectives valuable for online research

There is general agreement that adolescents' attachment to parents & school decreases the likelihood of their associating with deviant peers &, subsequently, of using illicit drugs. Here, the extent to which these linkages are moderated by ethnicity is tested, based on questionnaire data from three waves of an ongoing panel study, involving 7,618 respondents at Time 1 (when they were in grade 7, in 1971), a year later, & again when they were young adults (N = 3,390) in the 1990s. Structural equation models reveal that, for non-Hispanic whites, positive school experience, but not family warmth, had a direct effect in preventing association with peers who use drugs. Among Mexican Americans, in contrast, family warmth, but not positive school experience, deterred association with drug-using peers in early adolescence. For both groups, a positive school experience had a direct effect on decreasing young adult drug use. Although stronger parent-child bonds & greater attachment of child to school result in decreased deviance, intervening causal linkages regarding deviant peers are moderated by ethnicity. 2 Tables, 3 Figures, 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

Examination of marriage records in Pecos County, Tex, from 1880 to 1978 shows an overall outmarriage rate of .091 for marriages & .048 for individuals, documenting the considerable social distance that historically has existed between Mexican- & Anglo-American residents of this region. However, intermarriage rates rose significantly after 1970, which may indicate an important diminution of that social distance. 5 Tables, 20 References. Modified HA.

Edward E. Telles & Edward Marguia (see SA 39:4/91X8897) challenged the conventional wisdom that Mexican Americans are a homogeneous population in the labor market by arguing that dark-skinned Mexican Americans earn less than light Mexicans. Here, this issue is reexamined, using a theoretically based semilogarithmic earnings function approach & an estimation method similar to the ordered probit technique to analyze data from the National Chicano Survey (N not provided). Results fail to substantiate the discrimination reported by Tellers & Murguia. In The Continuing Significance of Phenotype among Mexican Americans, Telles (U of California, Los Angeles) & Murguia respond that this evidence does support phenotypic discrimination. They argue that Bohara's & Davila's prescribed level of statistical significance is highly questionable given their small subsample, & that their analysis is incomplete given its sole focus on the earnings model in which phenotype is added as a dummy variable. Furthermore, they should have replicated the decomposition analysis by estimating the semilogarithmic & ordered probit forms for each phenotypic group. 3 Tables, 7 References. S. Millett