Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Interpreting (Non)-Intervention and Turning to the China's Case -- Chapter 3: Exploring China's Non-intervention Policy in the Post-Cold War Era -- Chapter 4: Authorizing Interventions: The Cases of the Gulf War, Afghanistan, and North Korea -- Chapter 5: Conceding Interventions: The Cases of Crimea, Libya, and Darfur -- Chapter 6: Opposing Interventions: The Cases of Kosovo, Syria, and Zimbabwe -- Chapter 7: Conclusion.

Land requisition has been an important process by which Chinese local governments promote urbanization and generate revenue. This study investigates the impacts of land requisition on farmers' decisions of labor allocation between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. We argue that, conditional on village fixed effects, land requisition can be explored as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the relationship between land rights and labor allocation of farmers. We find that young farmers (age 16-44) are not affected in their migration decisions by land loss through requisition, while some older farmers (age 45-55) are affected. In response to land loss through requisition, the probability that older farmers living beyond the mean distance from the county seat migrates to cities increases by 8.5 percentage points. An econometric test confirms that the finding is unlikely to be driven by unobserved variables associated with household experience of land loss. This finding raises concerns about the wellbeing of the farmers who may not be competitive in the urban labor market and therefore unlikely to leave farming unless they have to.

When social security is established to provide pensions to parents, their reliance upon children for future financial support decreases, and their need to save for retirement also falls. In this study, the expansion of pension coverage from the state sector to the non-state sector in urban China is used as a quasi-experiment to analyze the intergenerational impact of social security on education investments in children. In a difference-in-differences framework, a significant increase in the total education expenditure is found to be attributable to pension expansion. The results are unlikely to be driven by other observable trends. They are robust to the inclusion of a large set of control variables and to different specifications, including one based on the instrumental variable method.

IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2 ; DSGD; PIM ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)