Suchergebnisse

Recent water sector reforms and increased scarcity and vulnerability of water resources, combined with declining public funding available for large scale infrastructure investment in the sector, have led to a greater awareness by the Government of Vietnam for the need to analyze water resource allocation and use in an integrated fashion, at the basin scale, and from a perspective of economic efficiency. In this study we focus on the development, application, and selected policy analyses using an integrated economic hydrologic river basin model for the Dong Nai River Basin in southern Vietnam. The model framework depicts the sectoral structure and location of water users (agriculture, industry, hydropower, domestic, and the environment) and the institutions for water allocation in the basin. Water benefit functions are developed for the major water uses subject to physical limitations and to constraints of system control and policy. Based on this modeling framework, we will analyze policies that can affect water allocation and use at the basin level, including both basin-specific and general macroeconomic policies ; IFPRI3; Theme 3; ISI; Subtheme 3.1; GRP22; Managing natural resources; DCA ; EPTD ; PR

Preface -- Foreword (Gordon Rausser) -- Introduction (Siwa Msangi) -- Part I: Applied Methods for Agricultural Production and Sector Modeling -- Towards Econometric Mathematical Programming for Policy Analysis (Bruno Henry de Frahan) -- Soil and Crop Choice (Peter Berck and Lunyu Xie) -- Spatial Equilibrium, Imperfect Competition and Calibrating Models (Quirino Paris) -- Part II: Applied Methods for Water Resource Management -- Payment for Environmental Services: How Big Must Be the Check to Multi-Product Farmers? (Marcelo Torres de Oliveira and Richard E. Howitt) -- Optimal Allocation of Groundwater Resources: Managing Water Quantity and Quality (Qiuqiong Huang, Scott Rozelle, Richard E. Howitt, James E. Wilen) -- Managing Urban and Agricultural Water Demand in Northern China: The Case of Luancheng County, Hebei Province (Siwa Msangi) -- Part III: Application of Information-Theoretic Methods -- Using Moment Constraints in GME Estimation (Richard E. Howitt and Siwa Msangi) -- Estimating Field-Level Rotations as Dynamic Cycles (Duncan MacEwan and Richard E. Howitt) -- Part IV: Using Quantitative Methods to Inform Decision-making in Agriculture and Resource Policy -- Water Into Wine and Cheese: Implications of Substitution and Trade for California's Perennial Water Woes (Daniel Sumner and Qianyao Pan) -- Climate Policies as Water Policies (Kazim Konyar and George Frisvold) -- Enhancing Productivity and Market Access for Key Staples in the EAC Region: An Economic Analysis of Biophysical and Market Potential (Siwa Msangi, Kennedy Were, Bernard Musana, Joseph Mudiope, Leonidas Dusengemungu, Lucas Tanui, Jean-Claude Muhutu, George Ayaga, Geophrey Kajiru, and Birungi Korutaro)

Many low income countries in Africa are optimistic that producing biofuels domestically will not only reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels, but also stimulate economic development, particularly in poorer rural areas. Skeptics, on the other hand, view biofuels as a threat to food security in the region and as a land-grabbing opportunity for foreign investors. As a result of this ongoing debate, national biofuels task forces have been asked to evaluate both the viability of domestic biofuels production and its broader implications for economic development. To guide these complex evaluations, this paper presents an analytical framework that prioritizes different aspects of a comprehensive national assessment and identifies suitable evaluation methods. The findings from recent assessments for Mozambique and Tanzania are used to illustrate the framework. While these two country studies found that biofuels investments could enhance development, their experiences highlight potential tradeoffs, especially at the macroeconomic and environmental levels, where further research is needed.

ABSTRACTThis paper explains the puzzling fact that in organizing the management of surface water, village leaders have provided incentives to canal managers in some areas, but not in all. Our study indicates that the optimal contractual choice depends on the relative abilities of the leader and the manager, the design of the cultivated land, the characteristics of the canal system and the opportunity costs of the leader and the pool of managerial candidates. The unifying mechanism is the relative change in the ability of the leader and manager to perform the unmarketable activities that are needed to provide irrigation services.