Suchergebnisse

Der Beitrag analysiert das internationale Recht von der Frühmoderne bis in die Gegenwart und zeigt wichtige Kontinuitäten im Recht der Staaten auf, nicht-europäische Gesellschaften zu besetzen, zu kolonisieren und den Widerstand der indigenen Völker zu brechen. Ungeachtet des im 20. Jahrhundert entwickelten internationalen Rechts, das Zivilisten schützen und Gewalt begrenzen soll, missachten die Staaten unter dem Mantel von Notstand und militärischer Notwendigkeit humanitäre Erwägungen, auch unter Besatzungsrecht. Das internationale Recht ist keine neutrale Berufungsinstanz für unter Besatzung lebende Völker, wie beispielsweise die Palästinenser. Der Verfasser verfolgt diese staatlichen Rechte in den Werken wichtiger Juristen bis Vitoria zurück und exemplifiziert die Problematik anhand des Beispiels des israelischen Angriffs auf die Palästinenser im Gaza-Streifen zwischen Dezember 2008 und Januar 2009. (ICEÜbers)

Genocide is not only a problem of mass death, but also of how, as a relatively new idea and law, it organizes and distorts thinking about civilian destruction. Taking the normative perspective of civilian immunity from military attack, A. Dirk Moses argues that the implicit hierarchy of international criminal law, atop which sits genocide as the 'crime of crimes', blinds us to other types of humanly caused civilian death, like bombing cities, and the 'collateral damage' of missile and drone strikes. Talk of genocide, then, can function ideologically to detract from systematic violence against civilians perpetrated by governments of all types. The Problems of Genocide contends that this violence is the consequence of 'permanent security' imperatives: the striving of states, and armed groups seeking to found states, to make themselves invulnerable to threats

In 1944, Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" to describe a foreign occupation that destroyed or permanently crippled a subject population. In this tradition, Empire, Colony, Genocide embeds genocide in the epochal geopolitical transformations of the past 500 years: the European colonization of the globe, the rise and fall of the continental land empires, violent decolonization, and the formation of nation states. It thereby challenges the customary focus on twentieth-century mass crimes and shows that genocide and "ethnic cleansing" have been intrinsic to imperial expansion. The complexity of the colonial encounter is reflected in the contrast between the insurgent identities and genocidal strategies that subaltern peoples sometimes developed to expel the occupiers, and those local elites and creole groups that the occupiers sought to co-opt. Presenting case studies on the Americas, Australia, Africa, Asia, the Ottoman Empire, Imperial Russia, and the Nazi "Third Reich," leading authorities examine the colonial dimension of the genocide concept as well as the imperial systems and discourses that enabled conquest. Empire, Colony, Genocide is a world history of genocide that highlights what Lemkin called "the role of the human group and its tribulations."

Colonial Genocide has been seen increasingly as a stepping-stone to the European genocides of the twentieth century, yet it remains an under-researched phenomenon. This volume reconstructs instances of Australian genocide and for the first time places them in a global context. Beginning with the arrival of the British in 1788 and extending to the 1960s, the authors identify the moments of radicalization and the escalation of British violence and ethnic engineering aimed at the Indigenous populations, while carefully distinguishing between local massacres, cultural genocide, and genocide itsel

Colonial Genocide has been seen increasingly as a stepping-stone to the European genocides of the twentieth century, yet it remains an under-researched phenomenon. This volume reconstructs instances of Australian genocide and for the first time places them in a global context. Beginning with the arrival of the British in 1788 and extending to the 1960s, the authors identify the moments of radicalization and the escalation of British violence and ethnic engineering aimed at the Indigenous populations, while carefully distinguishing between local massacres, cultural genocide, and genocide its

In my brief commentary, I ask Douglas Irvin-Erickson, six years since his book appeared, about what comes next: namely, whether he thinks a new intellectual history of genocide needs transcend the assumption about its humanization of domestic and international affairs.

When in 1976 Raymond williams published his famous book, Keywords, Genocide was not among the discussed terms. Neither was Holocaust nor human rights, though he did include an entry on 'humanity'. The subtitle indicated his remit: 'A Vocabulary of Culture and Society'. A Marxist charting the transformations of western societies wrought by capitalism, Williams was interested in the historical semantics of words like class and art, industry and democracy that registered the unfolding and effects of European modernity. His book was, accordingly, not only Eurocentric, but western Eurocentric, reflecting the experience of that part of the world over the last two centuries. The fact that Williams, born in 1921 and a veteran of the Second World War, did not include the words that many today regard as central for articulating our experience—words which come out of that war—points not only to the rapid transitions in keyword shelf life but also to the particularity of experience.

This essay provides a historiography of Western civilization and the history of twentieth-century intellectual life to consider the writings of German-American political theorist Hannah Arendt. It explores the influence on classical writers of Rome and their theories of the Republic onto Arendt's writings and philosophies of modern politics. Topics explored include human rights and the Holocaust, fascism and totalitarianism, and Arendt's book "The Origins of Totalitarianism."