Suchergebnisse

In the context of modern challenges and risks, which, first of all, include the turbulence of world politics and the world economy, the negative consequences of globalization and digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, special importance is given to the tasks of the state to ensure internal and external security, protect rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, creation of favorable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The listed challenges and risks faced by modern Russia have increased the importance of e-government and become a trigger for its dynamic development. Today, e-government promotes fast, stable, secure and reliable interaction between citizens, the private sector and the state. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of successful practices in the field of digital government development in order to form a dynamic model for optimizing the electronic government of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on comparative and compositional-graphical analysis, on the basis of which the authors compare the features, approaches and quality of the leading countries' in the UN e-Government Development Index (EGDI) e-governments' functioning. In the study, the authors pay special attention to the issue of the effective e-government functioning, analyze current global trends in the development of digital governments, and refer to the experience of advanced digital states. As a result of the study, the authors identify the integral components of an effectively functioning e-government, clearly demonstrate its model. In conclusion, the authors analyze the problems of e-government development in Russia, and also formulate recommendations for its dynamic optimization.

The article deals with the comprehension of the features of perception of works of American prose writer John William Cheever (1912-1982) by Korney Chukovsky. The appearance of the works of J. Cheever in Russian language was accompanied
by the comments of Soviet researchers who considered him to be an active propagandist of socialist ideas. Literary critical works written by Korney Chukovsky provoked a more thoughtful reading of the works of the American writer by Russian readers. Korney Chukovsky is the author of the preface to the collection of short stories written by J. Cheever in translations of Tat'yana Litvinova entitled «Giant Radio» published in 1962. In the future, this introduction, with amendments and additions, was published as an article of «John Cheever». The American writer's work perception by Korney Chukovsky of was not unique. He criticised the fi rst collection of short stories by J. Cheever «The Way Some People Live» (1943), for
his student imitation of the recognisable style of predecessor writers. Korney Chukovsky believed that the best stories of J. Cheever were collected in the book «The Enormous Radio and other stories» (1953), the central themes of which were
the imperfection of the social structure and the causes that caused it social inequality of people, their spiritual devastation. Analysing the stories of J. Cheever, Korney Chukovsky noted a signifi cant detail – despite the seeming impartial attitude towards his heroes in trouble, J. Cheever empathises them, wants to draw public attention to important problems of our time.

The article considers the specifics of Korney Chukovsky's perception of dramatic art of Edmund John Millington Synge (1871–1909), one of the greatest personalities of national revival of Ireland. Synge, who created his works in English, not only revived legends of his nation, but also expanded the idea of the Irish national originality, having offered his own vision of the image of an Irish of his time. Korney Chukovsky is the author of one of the first translations of Synge's dramatic art into Russian (a comedy "The Playboy of the Western World") and of the introductory article to its publication in 1923. The article "Synge and His "Playboy"" reflects the Russian writer's understanding of the moral and aesthetic questions of the play. According to Korney Chukovsky, tSynge's complex art method was formed under the influence of the ideas of revival of the national drama theatre. This direction in perception of Synge's heritage was determinative in Russian literature and, in general, reflected the nature of the attitude of Russian cultural consciousness to the Irish playwright's creative work.

Today, digital transformation is one of the national goals of all developed and developing countries of the world. At the same time, mass digitalization also reveals negative consequences, which include the digital divide, the transformation of labor markets, the technocratization of the social and political spheres, etc., which largely stimulate the process of colonization com- ing from leading IT corporations and countries claiming the status of digital empires. In this vein, new tasks arise for states to ensure national security, due to the need to form sustainable digital sovereignty. This article is aimed at identifying the specifics, main problems and consequences of digital colonialization. The authors pay special attention to the US colonial policy in the context of understanding the phenomenon of digital empires; conceptual understanding of "digital sovereignty"; the risks of the digital age. The key research questions of the work are the following: What challenges does ultra-fast digitalization entail? How is the digital colonial policy formed and implemented? What are the main problems of digital colonialism? How to form and maintain sustainable digital state sovereignty? The significance of the presented study lies in the combination of theoretical approaches and real political practice, which makes it possible to characterize the whole variety of processes and effects of digital colonialization. In conclusion, the authors discuss the possibilities of import substitution in this area, and also offer practical recommendations for the implementation of the import substitution policy in modern Russia, emphasizing the need for a balanced development of the regulatory, legal, technological, competence, political, economic and managerial components of national digital sovereignty.

Digital reality is becoming an integral part of the modern world, in which there are new ways of interaction between individuals and the functioning of state institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the concepts of «digital state» and «digital citizen» as a kind of challenge not only to the state, but also to society itself, which necessitated clarification and legitimization of these concepts in the legal field of the Russian Federation. The article reveals the key features of the Russian practice of digital governance and security legal regulation. Based on an analysis of the existing legislative framework in the Russian Federation in the field of digitalization and digital security, and, in particular, such significant initiatives in recent years as the draft Concept «Ensuring the protection, rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the digital space», as well as relying on a significant amount of accumulated over decades of research on scientific knowledge on this topic and statistical data (Global Cybersecurity Index), the authors identify both the strengths and weaknesses of modern Russian digital law. So, if high-quality legal regulation of a strategic orientation was singled out as the main positive feature of domestic legislative practice in the context of digitalization, then the intersection and imposition of the norms of different branches of law, together with the lack of legal norms' systematization, were identified as the central problem of modern Russian digital legislation. The final part of this article is a set of proposals and recommendations for improving the legislative regulation of digital governance and security. The authors propose to pay more attention to public authorities to control the implementation of cybersecurity policies, as well as legislate the distribution of powers and responsibilities among the relevant government agencies.

The digital transformation of government processes in the face of increasing strategic uncertainty and global risks has actualized the requests of citizens to optimize the activities of public authorities, create a secure digital environment and adhere to the principles of digital democracy, designed to ensure accountability and transparency in the activities of public authorities, improve the quality of decisions made at all levels, expand electronic participation of citizens. Being an integral part of the information society, e-democracy is the best way to influence the development of democratic institutions and processes, to consolidate various public policy actors in the political decision-making process. At the same time, as a result of digitalization, there is a reverse effect of the traditional relations system transformation between the state and the citizen, which can undermine the foundations of state security and violate the inalienable rights and freedoms of citizens. The article is devoted to identifying the features of the digital democracy development in modern Russia. Particular attention in the study is paid to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of e-democracy, the assessment of the e-democracy importance in the development of relations between the state and the citizen. Using the experience of St. Petersburg digital development as an example, the authors analyze the advantages of digital services for the modern society development. Based on the study of the electronic voting system used in Russia, the authors discuss the prospects for the digital democracy development in the country. The main research questions are the following: What are the theoretical foundations of e-democracy? What is the significance of digital democracy for the development of relations between the state (public authorities) and the citizens? What opportunities and risks does e-democracy bring to modern society? What are the prospects for the development of digital democracy in Russia?

Authors assume that in the post-Soviet time, political consciousness among the
Russians has significantly changed. Causes of this not only include general depoliticization in the society, but also a modified nature of the media influence.
The research purpose is to search for reasons that cause booms and falls in the
interest of the Russians in politics. The methodological framework of the research
included the Verba-Pye model of engagement in politics, Lipset's conclusions
about citizens' engagement in political affairs; assumptions from the LipsetRokkan model of political preferences of citizens; Scott's concept of imitation of
political activism, and Bryant's conclusions about specifics of media influence on
public opinion. The empirical basis of the research includes data from sociological
and marketing research made by Russian centers for the study of public opinion.
As a result of the research, its authors have established that country residents do
not mostly show high political engagement and civil activism

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of political communication in the modern world. As an example, we study virtual communities in the Telegram messenger and the VKontakte social network. The text examines the specifics of the modern digital era, and, in particular, its phenomenon as virtual political communication, as one of the main horizontal ways of communication between individuals. The author emphasizes the inherent nature of the process of mediatization of politics in the modern world, as well as such an important aspect of it as awareness of oneself as a citizen as a direct participant in the implementation of power interactions. Special emphasis in the work is placed on the practices that currently exist in the Russian Federation. In particular, there is an increase in the interest of Russians in political events and, as a result, taking into account the global political situation, not only the growth of the popularity of VKontakte and Telegram, but also the emergence of new innovations, as well as the growth of the popularity of the former ones. There are three main groups of publics: media; communities of political actors; around topical key political issues. The changes in political communication between citizens and the state are investigated. The article provides recommendations on how best to carry out this interaction from the point of view of public authorities: high-quality visual content with an emphasis on concise videos and "presence effect"; user-oriented content marketing; effective speech communication; temporal strategy. There is a request for how, in the conditions of numerous fake and discrediting publications, to increase confidence in public authorities at all levels.

The current digital revolution has already led to a significant transformation of the content, methods, forms and intensity of civic participation in the socio-political life of almost all states of the world. Modern information and communication technologies have influenced the forms and mechanisms for the implementation of public policy in general, have transformed the process of political communication, creating a new virtual dimension of the public sphere. Obviously, the changes that have taken place require citizens to master new competencies that will allow them to effectively interact both with each other and with government institutions within the framework of a new social and political reality. Therefore, the problem of forming a new, civic competence is one of the key ones in the context of the current process of digitalization of politics and management. The relevance of the issues under study is determined, on the one hand, by the extraordinary acceleration of the pace of development and transformation of all spheres of society, which, in turn, dictates the need to create tools to speed up and simplify the process of adaptation, both for each specific individual and socially political institutions, to a rapidly changing reality, and on the other hand, the task of preserving and strengthening the existing political system of the Russian Federation and the foundations of the constitutional order, which is of particular importance in the context of ongoing information wars, the spread of fakes, including the activities of state authorities and state structures, global problems (such as turbulence in world politics, the COVID-19 pandemic, terrorism, climate change, lack of natural resources) and local (unemployment, separatism, poverty), as well as a number of other dangers and threats that continue to face modern states. This article is aimed at forming the conceptual foundations for optimizing the system of Russian civic education in the face of new challenges and risks. The authors pay special attention to the theoretical understanding of the «civic education» concept, identifying its features and functional characteristics. Based on a comparative approach, the authors analyze the scientific literature that touches upon the issues of civic participation, education, forms and methods of its improvement in modern conditions. In conclusion, the authors turn to concrete examples and formulate recommendations for the successful formation of a conceptual model for optimizing the Russian system of civic education.