Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Cet article analyse les discours des agriculteurs en réaction à différents modes de calcul de quotas individuels, pouvant être utilisés pour la mise en place de la loi sur l'eau de 2006. La démarche consiste à articuler deux types d'approches : l'évaluation de l'acceptabilité de ces règles et l'analyse des principes de justice sociale sous-jacents aux argumentaires. Cette problématique est abordée à travers une revue de la littérature et une étude empirique, consistant à soumettre neuf scénarios d'allocation à 76 agriculteurs sélectionnés dans cinq terrains en France. Cet article contribue à la littérature sur la justice sociale dans la gestion de l'eau, en combinant différents cadres d'analyse ; il donne également des outils pour la mise en place d'une gestion quantitative, en proposant une méthode d'évaluation a priori de l'acceptabilité des modes de calculs des quotas. MOTS-CLÉS : acceptabilité, justice sociale, loi sur l'eau, politiques publiques, irrigation Social justice in the construction of the acceptability judgment. Analysis of the farmers' reactions to different groundwater sharing rules This article analyses farmers' answers to different water allocation rules which could be used to implement the 2006 French Water Law. We develop an analytical framework which combines an evaluation of overall acceptability of these rules with an analysis of the underlying principles of social justice. This framework is applied through conducting a survey in five French case studies. Nine allocation rules are presented to 76 irrigating farmers and their preferences analyzed. This article contributes to literature on social justice by articulating different analysis framework, and gives tools to quantitative management implementation, by proposing an assessment method on calculation quotas acceptability. (JEL: Q25, Q15, Q28, Q54, K32, H39)

International audience ; Cet article analyse les discours des agriculteurs en réaction à différents modes de calcul de quotas individuels, pouvant être utilisés pour la mise en place de la loi sur l'eau de 2006. La démarche consiste à articuler deux types d'approches : l'évaluation de l'acceptabilité de ces règles et l'analyse des principes de justice sociale sous-jacents aux argumentaires. Cette problématique est abordée à travers une revue de la littérature et une étude empirique, consistant à soumettre neuf scénarios d'allocation à 76 agriculteurs sélectionnés dans cinq terrains en France. Cet article contribue à la littérature sur la justice sociale dans la gestion de l'eau, en combinant différents cadres d'analyse ; il donne également des outils pour la mise en place d'une gestion quantitative, en proposant une méthode d'évaluation a priori de l'acceptabilité des modes de calculs des quotas. MOTS-CLÉS : acceptabilité, justice sociale, loi sur l'eau, politiques publiques, irrigation Social justice in the construction of the acceptability judgment. Analysis of the farmers' reactions to different groundwater sharing rules This article analyses farmers' answers to different water allocation rules which could be used to implement the 2006 French Water Law. We develop an analytical framework which combines an evaluation of overall acceptability of these rules with an analysis of the underlying principles of social justice. This framework is applied through conducting a survey in five French case studies. Nine allocation rules are presented to 76 irrigating farmers and their preferences analyzed. This article contributes to literature on social justice by articulating different analysis framework, and gives tools to quantitative management implementation, by proposing an assessment method on calculation quotas acceptability. (JEL: Q25, Q15, Q28, Q54, K32, H39)

À l'initiative de l'Institut national de recherche agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT) et de l'équipe Agrimonde-Terra, et avec le Syndicat des agriculteurs de Tunisie (Synagri), en mars 2015, un atelier de construction de scénarios d'usages des terres a réuni une vingtaine de personnes, acteurs publics, parapublics et représentants de la société civile afin de construire des scénarios d'usages des terres en Tunisie. Quatre scénarios ont été construits dont un scénario tourné vers l'agro-écologie. Nous explicitons ici la méthode suivie et les conséquences du scénario " Des usages agro-écologiques des terres " pour les usages des terres et la sécurité alimentaire. Nous montrons les tendances favorables et hostiles à l'évolution vers cette trajectoire. Nous décrivons le chemin d'impact du processus de prospective.

International audience ; Forest regeneration is a major land-use change in European uplands, and whether or not this is a desirable change for biodiversity is disputed. While this debate seems to be largely situated in the field of natural sciences, this paper aims to also examine its social dimensions. To do so, we adopt a comparative discourse analysis with four cases of protected areas in France, Spain, and Scotland. We draw on a conceptual framework highlighting both the ecological and social factors underpinning the construction of environmental discourses. It notably emphasises the role of interests, ideas and institutions, and the power dynamics underpinning discourse-coalitions. We show how diverging discourses emerged, gained ground, coalesced and competed differently in different contexts, explaining the adoption of seemingly opposite discourses by protected area authorities. These findings reaffirm the need to conceive environmental governance as an on-going deliberative process in order to achieve environmental justice.

Facing a growing and more affluent world population, changing climate and finite natural resources, world food systems will have to change in the future. The aim of the Agrimonde-Terra foresight study was to build global scenarios linking land use and food security, with special attention paid to overlooked aspects such as nutrition and health, in order to help explore the possible future of the global food system. In this article, we seek to highlight how the resulting set of scenarios contributes to the debate on land use and food security and enlarges the range of possible futures for the global food system. We highlight four main contributions. Combining a scenario building method based on morphological analysis and quantitative simulations with a tractable and simple biomass balance model, the proposed approach improves transparency and coherence between scenario narratives and quantitative assessment. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios comprise a wide range of alternative diets, with contrasting underlying nutritional and health issues, which accompany contrasting urbanization and rural transformation processes, both dimensions that are lacking in other sets of global scenarios. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios share some similarities with existing sets of global scenarios, notably the SSPs, but are usually less optimistic regarding agricultural land expansion up to 2050. Results suggest that changing global diets toward healthier patterns could also help to limit the expansion in agricultural land area. Agrimonde-Terra's scenarios enlarge the scope of possible futures by proposing two pathways that are uncommon in other sets of global scenarios. The first proposes to explore possible reconnection of the food industry and regional production within supranational regional blocs. The second means that we should consider that a 'perfect storm', induced by climate change and an ecological crisis combined with social and economic crises, is still possible. Both scenarios should be part of the debate as the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic shows.

The governance of ecosystem services (ES) has been predominantly thought of in terms of market or state-based instruments. Comparatively, collective action mechanisms have rarely been considered. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a conceptual framework that brings together ES, social interdependencies, and collective action thinking. We use an ES conceptual lens to highlight social interdependencies among people so as to reflect on existing or potential collective actions among them. This framework can also contribute to increasing people's awareness of their mutual interdependencies and thereby fostering, framing, or enriching collective action, in ways that take into account the diversity and complexity of ecological processes underlying human activities. Our approach can contribute in particular to agroecological transitions that require landscape level innovations and coordination mechanisms among land users and managers. The framework distinguishes three types of social interdependencies: (i) between ES beneficiaries and ES providers, (ii) among beneficiaries, and (iii) among providers. These social interdependencies are in turn analyzed according to four main dimensions that are critical for collective action: (i) cognitive framing of interdependencies, (ii) levels of organization, (iii) formal and informal institutions, and (iv) power relations. Finally, we propose a strategy to turn this framework into action in contexts of participatory action research, a strategy grounded on a number of methodological principles and tools that convey complexity and increase people's awareness of interdependencies in agrarian social-ecological systems.