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This study was conducted by the Monterey Regional Health Development Group, Inc, in conjunction with the Health Resources Study Center at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. The content reflects the views of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Defense. ; In September 1993, the Secretary of Defense designated the closure and redevelopment of Ft. Ord as a national model. In July 1994, he asked that a report be developed on the lessons learned from the closure of the large base hospital and the significant shifts in health care delivery in the region. This is the resulting report. It provides insights and recommendations from four years of experience dealing with the dramatic changes associated with the closing of a military base and a significant military hospital (Silas B. Hayes Army Community Hospital). This report outlines the activities leading to the implementation of the closure, summarizes the community and organizational responses, describes the information and educational components of the closure process, relates the activities involved in transition and closure, and describes planning and development now underway to address health care needs of current beneficiaries. Specific lessons learned are provided in each Chapter with suggested recommendations. A community reaction model is illustrated, with policy, organizational and educational recommendations which can assist other communities who face similar challenges of base and health care facilities closures. ; Health Resources Study Center, Naval Postgraduate School Code 65, Ro-214 Monterey CA 93943-5301 ; http://archive.org/details/fortordsilasbhay65moor ; NA

Relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between commute time variances and city size. In this paper, we utilize 2009 Nationwide Highway Travel Survey data and test the relationship between area commute-time means as well as variances in metropolitan-area size. We include tests for metropolitan areas as a whole and for residents from urban, suburban, second city, and town-and-county areas. The regression analysis shows that all estimated slopes are statistically significant but not much greater than zero. Commute time means and variances are highly correlated. These relationships are also invariant with respect to the place of residence. An extensive collection of literature provides evidence for the co-location of workers and jobs hypothesis: average commute times do not rise appreciably as metropolitan population increases. We conclude that these results are additional, although indirect, evidence for the co-location hypothesis.

National security is a basic responsibility of national governments, but it is also intangible. What can economic analysis contribute? Benefit-cost analysis has rarely been applied because of the ambiguous and commons nature of the benefits. Our group at the University of Southern California's Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism (CREATE) has worked to elaborate and apply economic impact analysis to describe the expected losses from various hypothetical terrorist attacks. Our innovation has been to add a spatial dimension to operational inter-industry models. Plausible terrorist attack scenarios must include geographic detail. First, there is no generic national seaport, airport or similar targets. Second, most political decision makers represent geographic areas and have a keen interest in their local constituencies. Third, aggregation over spatial units may net out conditions where areas and sectors lose but others gain, especially if locations outside the impact area take over the functions that have been lost elsewhere. Fourth, by considering the spatial economy, interactions between places that rely on available infrastructure can be analyzed. This paper describes our modeling approaches (a metropolitan region model and two national models) as well as several of the results that we have developed. Our models are not formal cost-benefit analyses, but they demonstrate large business interruption costs from these events, implying that the results provide a rationale for expenditures on the benefits of protection and mitigation. We will also discuss important directions in which models such as ours could become the basis of some type of cost-benefit analysis.

We use data on air passenger travel expenditures per passenger as well as statistical analysis of the air traffic lost for the two‐year aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks to estimate direct demand losses for air transportation services. These are used along with a national input‐output model to assess the full costs of these losses. Depending on assumptions made, the full losses to the U.S. economy were between $214.3 and $420.5 billion. These estimates are similar to those from other studies of such an event, and suggest that the high costs of effective countermeasures may be justified.

AbstractThis article describes recent developments undertaken by the Air Force, working in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, to implement ecosystem management at the three million acre Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada (NAFR). The principal focus of those efforts included holding a dialogue facilitated by the Keystone Center which examined long‐range natural resources management strategies for NAFR, the development and presentation of a biodiversity conservation course for military land managers, and the formation of an ecosystem assessment process to establish a scientific foundation for cooperative stewardship within the northeastern portion of the Mojave Desert Ecoregion.