Suchergebnisse

La provincia, como entidad y gobierno local intermedio, es una realidad histórica, asentada en nuestra organización administrativa desde el primer constitucionalismo. Cuenta, en la actualidad, con una garantía constitucional afirmada desde los primeros pronunciamientos del Tribunal Constitucional, que ha sido reiterada recientemente, de manera explícita y con rotundidad, en la STC 31/2010, de 28 de junio, precisamente cuando de manera frontal se ha enjuiciado su sustitución con ocasión de la llamada "interiorización de la Administración local" en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña. La intermunicipalidad, sin perjuicio de las competencias de que al efecto disponen las Comunidades Autónomas, es una cuestión que tiene inevitables proyecciones sobre la organización del Estado. El gobierno local intermedio, junto a su justificación constitucional, encuentra legitimación, a través de técnicas de cooperación, en el logro de la efectividad de la autonomía local para determinados municipios, en la aplicación del principio de subsidiaridad y en la conveniencia de la economía de escala en la prestación de determinados servicios. Provinces, as entities and mid-level local government, have been a historical reality since our earliest constitutions. Currently they enjoy a constitutional guarantee that has been asserted as from the Constitutional Court's early rulings, recently restated, firmly and explicitly, in judgment STC 31/2010 of 28 June, in which the very replacement of provinces was at issue as a result of the so-called "interiorisation of local government" in the autonomous region of Catalonia. Inter-municipal matters, without prejudice to the relevant powers of the autonomous regions, are an issue that inevitably reflects upon the organisation of the State. Mid-level local government, pursuant to the Constitution, is justified by forms of cooperation in making local autonomy effective for certain municipalities, the application of the principle of subsidiarity, and the advisability of economies of scale in the provision of certain services.

"Lecciones de politica, escrito en inglés por C. Nordhoff, y vertido al Castellano por R. Serra": p. [25]-34. ; Mode of access: Internet.

OBJECTIVES: Review, compare and critically assess digital technology responses to the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. The specific point of interest in this research is on predictive, preventive and personalized interoperable digital healthcare solutions. This point is supported by failures from the past, where the separate design of digital health solutions has led to lack of interoperability. Hence, this review paper investigates the integration of predictive, preventive and personalized interoperable digital healthcare systems. The second point of interest is the use of new mass surveillance technologies to feed personal data from health professionals to governments, without any comprehensive studies that determine if such new technologies and data policies would address the pandemic crisis. METHOD: This is a review paper. Two approaches were used: A comprehensive bibliographic review with R statistical methods of the COVID-19 pandemic in PubMed literature and Web of Science Core Collection, supported with Google Scholar search. In addition, a case study review of emerging new approaches in different regions, using medical literature, academic literature, news articles and other reliable data sources. RESULTS: Most countries' digital responses involve big data analytics, integration of national health insurance databases, tracing travel history from individual's location databases, code scanning and individual's online reporting. Public responses of mistrust about privacy data misuse differ across countries, depending on the chosen public communication strategy. We propose predictive, preventive and personalized solutions for pandemic management, based on social machines and connected devices. SOLUTIONS: The proposed predictive, preventive and personalized solutions are based on the integration of IoT data, wearable device data, mobile apps data and individual data inputs from registered users, operating as a social machine with strong security and privacy protocols. We present solutions that would enable ...