Suchergebnisse

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic might negatively impact the quality of life and functional autonomy of Spanish adults with intellectual disability, and meaningful activities could prevent this negative progression.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study in Spanish adults with intellectual disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Quality of life, functional autonomy and functional independence were measured. The meaningful activities studied were structured‐leisure, community self‐management, and occupational and physical activities.ResultsSeventy‐three participants were included in the study. Quality of life and functional autonomy significantly deteriorated during the COVID‐19 pandemic (all p > .001). Greater participation in community self‐management activities before COVID‐19 was associated with less detriment to quality of life (ß = −.312; p = .008), while greater participation in occupational and physical activities was associated with less detriment to the performance of instrumental activities (ß = −.317; p = .016; and ß = −.285; p = .030, respectively).ConclusionPeople with intellectual disability living in residential homes experienced a decrease in their quality of life and functional autonomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their involvement in community self‐management activities and physical and occupational activities before the pandemic had preventive effects on the detriment to the quality of life and functional autonomy.

Approximately 4-11% of children suffer from sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and children with obesity are at increased risk. Both obesity and SDB have been separately associated with poorer brain health, yet whether SDB severity affects brain health in children with obesity remains unanswered. This study aimed to examine associations of SDB severity with academic performance and brain structure (i.e., total brain and gray and white matter volumes and gray matter volume in the hippocampus) in children with overweight/obesity. One hundred nine children aged 8-12 years with overweight/obesity were included. SDB severity and its subscales (i.e., snoring, daytime sleepiness, and inattention/hyperactivity) were evaluated via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and academic performance was evaluated with the Woodcock-Munoz standardized test and school grades. Brain structure was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. SDB severity was not associated with academic performance measured by the standardized test (all vertical bar beta vertical bar> 0.160, P > 0.076), yet it was associated with the school grade point average (beta = -0.226, P = 0.007) and natural and social science grades (beta = -0.269, P = 0.024). Intention/hyperactivity seemed to drive these associations. No associations were found between SDB severity and the remaining school grades (all beta 0.065) or brain volumes (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that SDB severity was associated with lower school grades, yet it was not associated with the standardized measurement of academic performance or with brain volumes in children with overweight/obesity. SDB severity may add to academic problems in children beyond the effects contributed by overweight/obesity status alone. ; Funding Agencies|Universidad de Granada/CBUA; Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessSpanish Government; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)European CommissionSpanish Government [DEP201347540, DEP2016-79512-R, DEP2017-91544-EXP, RYC-201109011]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and UniversitiesSpanish Government [FPU17/04802]; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and SportSpanish Government [FPU15/02645]; Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationSpanish Government [FJC2018-037925-I, RYC2019-027287-I]; University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence, Scientific Excellence Unit on Exercise and Health (UCEES); Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y UniversidadesJunta de Andalucia; European Regional Development FundsEuropean Commission [SOMM17/6107/UGR]; SAMID III network, RETICS - PNI + D + I 2017-2021 (Spain); ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)European Commission [RD16/0022]; EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health [DEP2005-00046/ACTI, 09/UPB/19, 45/UPB/20, 27/UPB/21]; European UnionEuropean Commission [667302]; HL-PIVOT network-Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection; Andalusian Operational Programme; European Regional Development Funds (ERDF in English, FEDER in Spanish) [B-CTS-355-UGR18]

AbstractThe present study aims (i) to examine the association of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed‐agility, and muscular fitness) with brain current source density during working memory; and (ii) to examine whether fitness‐related current density was associated to working memory performance and academic achievement. Eighty‐five children with overweight/obesity aged 8–11 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. Physical fitness components were assessed using the ALPHA test battery. Electroencephalography recordings were performed during a Delayed Non‐Match‐to‐Sample task that assessed working memory. Brain source analysis was carried out using sLORETA to estimate regional current source density differences between high and low (H–L) working memory loads. Academic achievement was measured by the Spanish version of the Woodcock‐Johnson III test battery. The main results showed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher H–L current density differences in frontal, limbic, and occipital regions during encoding and maintenance task's phases (β≥0.412, p ≤ 0.019). A limbic area was further related to better working memory performance (β=0.267, p = 0.005). During retrieval, higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher current density in temporal regions (β=0.265, p = 0.013), whereas lower muscular fitness was associated with higher current density in frontal regions (β=–0.261, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, but not speed‐agility nor muscular fitness, is positively associated with brain current source density during working memory processes in children with overweight/obesity. Fitness‐related current density differences in limbic regions were associated with better working memory.