Suchergebnisse

There were a number of systems of settlements in Madras Presidency when the East India Company assumed administrative charges at the end of the eighteenth century. The Company government did not know which system was suitable and should be adopted for the whole of the Presidency. It initiated permanent settlement in 1802 in some areas, and found it unsuitable to be applied to other regions. Thus, it began a series of experiments in different districts in order to find a suitable system of settlement. These revenue experiments finally led the Company government to adopt the ryotwari system in many regions. It is these revenue experiments that the present article examines in relation to Chittoor district, and brings out the factors responsible for changing government policies during the period of experiments. The study shows how the settlements made with different types of landlords led to the formation of separate groups in rural areas and, in turn, planted the seeds of factional politics in the later period in the present Rayalseema region, which roughly coincides with the erstwhile ceded districts. It also throws light on the policy of discrimination against the cultivators, which led to a deterioration in the conditions of these people.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of sectarianism in Nigeria and Iraq, as both countries provide typical examples of ethno-sectarian divided societies characterized by huge contrasts in social norms and religious values among the citizens. Methodology: Adopting content analysis, the current paper argues that ethno-sectarianism negatively affects political process in both countries which invariably undermines their effort toward national integration.The paper seeks to answer the following question: will restructuring the Nigerian and Iraqi federal relations contribute to resolving sectarian tensions? First, the paper examines the sources of sectarianism in both countries.The paper therefore examines how ethno-sectarianism shaped and molds the polity of both countries, where ethnic and religious values play major role in determining citizen's reaction to political phenomenon Results: Coordination mechanisms such as framework legislation and dispute resolution committees are also necessary to ensure that the transition to viable federalism occurs with minimal encumbrance.To respect the complex and diverse identities of nations, safeguards need to be established to protect the rights of sub-federal nations.For example, the political future of Iraq and Nigeria is not a return to failed approaches of division, but rather the construction of a viable modern federal state that promotes unity, political compromise, and consensus building.Implication: This paper therefore posits that there is a need for deep mental changes and social adjustment among the citizens of both countries where attributes such as tolerance, dignity of human persons and above all patriotism must be re-defined and this requires collaboration between political leaders, community leaders and religious bodies as the problem is societal bound.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of sectarianism in Nigeria and Iraq, as both countries provide typical examples of ethno-sectarian divided societies characterized by huge contrasts in social norms and religious values among the citizens. Methodology: Adopting content analysis, the current paper argues that ethno-sectarianism negatively affects political process in both countries which invariably undermines their effort toward national integration. The paper seeks to answer the following question: will restructuring the Nigerian and Iraqi federal relations contribute to resolving sectarian tensions? First, the paper examines the sources of sectarianism in both countries. The paper therefore examines how ethno-sectarianism shaped and molds the polity of both countries, where ethnic and religious values play major role in determining citizen's reaction to political phenomenon Results: Coordination mechanisms such as framework legislation and dispute resolution committees are also necessary to ensure that the transition to viable federalism occurs with minimal encumbrance. To respect the complex and diverse identities of nations, safeguards need to be established to protect the rights of sub-federal nations. For example, the political future of Iraq and Nigeria is not a return to failed approaches of division, but rather the construction of a viable modern federal state that promotes unity, political compromise, and consensus building. Implication: This paper therefore posits that there is a need for deep mental changes and social adjustment among the citizens of both countries where attributes such as tolerance, dignity of human persons and above all patriotism must be re-defined and this requires collaboration between political leaders, community leaders and religious bodies as the problem is societal bound.

Governments provide a host of goods and services to their citizens to achieve various socio-economic objectives. Such spending is done through various programs that include social security, education, infrastructure, health and economic. Several conventional approaches for measuring efficiency of government expenditure have been proposed in the literature. Most of these measures are quantitative in nature. For government spending based on Shari'ah oriented public policy (al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah), which is value loaded, there is a need for complementary qualitative yardstick to measure whether such spending achieves Maqasid al-Shari'ah. The present study has made use of content analysis to develop a Maqasid Performance Pairwise Matrix (MPPM), as one of the tools of Islamic oriented public policy (al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah); to measure the public perception on government expenditure in Aceh in eight areas and the extent to which the expenditure conforms to Maqasid al-Shari'ah. MPPM was used as an instrument to survey 233 respondents in Aceh. The data from the survey were validated analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The findings from the study are mixed. Government spending in Aceh in Education and health achieved results at the level of Complements (Hajiyat), beyond the basic need (Daruriyat). Whereas in the other six areas, which include economics, public services and housing, government spending is only able to satisfy the basic needs of the Acehnese. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future research. =========================================== Pemerintah menyediakan tempat barang dan jasa untuk warga negara mereka untuk mencapai berbagai tujuan sosial-ekonomi. Seperti pengeluaran, yang dilakukan melalui berbagai program termasuk jaminan sosial, pendidikan infrastruktur, kesehatan dan ekonomi. Beberapa pendekatan konvensional untuk mengukur efisiensi pengeluaran pemerintah telah ada dalam sejumlah literatur. Sebagian besar pendekatan ini bersifat kuantitatif. Untuk belanja ...

The inhibition ability of the new derivative (quinolin-2-one), namely (1-{[5-(2-Chloro-phenylazo)-2- hydroy-benzylidene]-amino}-4,7-dimethyl -6-nitro- 1H-quinolin-2-one (CPHAQ2O)) towards carbon steel corrosion in (3.5% NaCl) and (0.5M HCl) solutions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization at different inhibitor concentrations. Polarization curves showed that the evaluated compound acted as mixed inhibitors, and the adsorption of the evaluated inhibitor obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in both salt and acid solutions. The results revealed that the percentage inhibition efficiency (%IE) in the salty solution (90.55%) is greater than that in the acidic solution (77.62%). The surface changes of the carbon steel and the film persistency of the inhibitor were studied using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).

The world and its various fields witnessing many changes resulting from economic, political, social and technological developments. Where the societies are racing to have as much as possible information because primary is the raw material in its success and facing to these developments. In addition to use of information technology with high intensity these communities as known as the information society. Educational institutions must be at the forefront of organizations that rely on information and information technology- for their activities.Hence, the intellectual dilemma of research which is the diagnosis of the availability of the ingredients for building an information society in the College of Administration and Economics to be considered among these communities' societies? The research focuses on achieving a fundamental goal which is to measure the availability of the components of the information society in order to be adopted in building of this society. The researchers adopted questionnaire as a tool to collect field data and then prepared for this purpose. As the form questionnaire included 34 questions. And the selected of a sample of (86) my teaching was chosen from the faculty members of the college of management and economics /the university of mosul, as for the case study method was used. The researchers reached a number amount to a number of conclusions, the most important of which is a weakness in the orientation towards the authoring and publish of scientific books by university professors. As for the most important proposals that were presented in the research are the importance of caring for providing the provision of information technology in all colleges of the University of Mosul because it is one a basic of the requirement in contemporary university education.

Purpose: This study aims to validate a potential synergistic venture between cash waqf (Islamic endowment) institutions (CWIs) and financial cooperatives (FCs) in the provision of affordable Islamic home financing (IHF) in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted semi-structured interviews with ten experts to validate the cash waqf-financial-cooperative-mushārakah mutanāqiṣah (CWFCMM) model. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the verbatim texts. Findings The findings show that the majority of the informants have positive perceptions of the potential of the CWFCMM model to provide financially affordable IHF products in Malaysia. Nevertheless, this study sheds light on the varying degrees of latent issues and challenges that might arise in the implementation of this model. For example, FCs need to practice the correct business model, implement good governance structures and employ the right people. Meanwhile, CWIs need to work on their accountability issues by publishing their audited accounts in mainstream newspapers, much like what is being done by non-governmental organisations such as the widely recognised Malaysian Medical Relief Society (MERCY Malaysia). Research limitations/implications This study interviewed a small, industry-specific number of informants in generating its findings. Time and budget constraints are some of the limiting factors in carrying out the study. Because of these factors, the generalisation of the study's findings will be limited. Practical implications First, the CWFCMM model offers an alternative, financially affordable IHF instrument to low- and middle-income households in Malaysia. Second, the involvement of third-sector institutions such as FCs and CWIs in the provision of IHF will reduce the burden of the government in its spending on home financing solutions for civil servants. Third, this model will harness the potential of waqf-based financing beyond the contemporary limited applications to mosques, graveyards and taḥfīẓ (Qurʾan memorization) schools. Originality/value This study presents an alternative IHF model that transcends the current institutional framework that is heavily dominated by Islamic commercial banks and government-owned home financing institutions. The study does not focus on a single third-sector institution but on an integration of at least two of them, CWIs and FCs, in implementing the IHF model.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most challenging disasters healthcare institutions are facing, requiring healthcare systems to balance meeting general healthcare needs with those caused by the pandemic. Healthcare systems were not designed to deal with this crisis: an unpredictable, large-scale challenge that has required urgent resource mobilization, affecting whole populations. However, there has also been no time to debate systems' abilities to deal with the crisis, not least because the pandemic opposes the general direction of these systems. The urgent need for new fast-track, quick-win projects was necessary because we were time-constrained. We also needed an effective approach − which globally known project management tools could be efficiently applied? The widely accepted Project Management Institute (PMI) model and the popular Six Sigma Define, Measure, Analyze, Implement, Control (DMAIC) approach were two reasonable methodologies to select, so we aimed to modify these tools to achieve quick results. An initial needs assessment of the pandemic's challenges required careful consideration of our high-impact healthcare facilities' ability to meet those challenges. Our assessment concluded that ability was limited, and as Lean Six Sigma DMAIC principles are more effectively applicable to quality improvement initiatives, the combined application of DMAIC and PMI principles, which enable robust and stable project initiation, governance, enterprise engagement, and measurable quality deliverables, enabled us to focus on structured project management and quality outcomes. METHODS: This modified approach was applied to the 10 main Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals and 2 specialized care centers in the Al-Ahsa region, to design and initiate 40 mini-projects that could yield quick wins. This study was designed to measure the value of applying these tools and learn lessons retrospectively. RESULTS: The successful ability to eliminate identified healthcare challenges within 5 weeks of launching the ...