Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- The political economy of WB-IMF's influences over development agenda : contextualizing PRSP from a global point of view -- Policy ownership and development agenda : towards an analytical framework -- Development agenda and bretton-woods institutions : a revisit of Bangladesh's engagement -- Whose agenda is it anyway? : Bangladesh's policy ownership in the PRSP regime -- Independence in development agenda and lessons from the PRSP regime : quest for a new model for Bangladesh

With references to Jordanian society.

The EU has established the world's first cross-border emission-trading systems (ETS) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, currently covering aviation, emission-intensive sectors, and electricity (EITE). The EU Commission has offered to apply emissions trading in new sectors where emissions from maritime transport will be incorporated into the current EU ETS, while a separated emissions trading system will cover emissions from road transport and the building sector. This paper employs a multi-regional multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with two simultaneous international emission permit markets. After examining the abatement costs for the EU regions, various policy scenarios are implemented to study the welfare effects of forming an ETS covering the sectors other than EITE (NEIT) and its linking with the EITE sectors under two different baselines and four emission reduction targets. The results provide several important insights: (i) Marginal abatement costs in Germany and the Eastern European Union region (EEU) are significantly lower than in the rest of the EU regions. (ii) The carbon price in the emission permit market covering NEIT is significantly higher than the carbon price in the emission permit market covering EITE. (iii) Germany and EEU appear as notable suppliers of emission permits in both markets. (iv) There is a significant aggregate welfare gain under the scenario in which the ETS covering NEIT co-exists parallel with the ETS covering EITE. (v) The aggregate welfare in the EU under the full integration of EITE and NEIT may fall below its value under the scenario with two parallel emission permit markets.

The EU has established the world's first cross-border emission-trading systems (ETS) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, currently covering aviation, emission-intensive sectors, and electricity (EITE). The EU Commission has offered to apply emissions trading in new sectors where emissions from maritime transport will be incorporated into the current EU ETS, while a separated emissions trading system will cover emissions from road transport and the building sector. This paper employs a multi-regional multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with two simultaneous international emission permit markets. After examining the abatement costs for the EU regions, various policy scenarios are implemented to study the welfare effects of forming an ETS covering the sectors other than EITE (NEIT) and its linking with the EITE sectors under two different baselines and four emission reduction targets. The results provide several important insights: (i) Marginal abatement costs in Germany and the Eastern European Union region (EEU) are significantly lower than in the rest of the EU regions. (ii) The carbon price in the emission permit market covering NEIT is significantly higher than the carbon price in the emission permit market covering EITE. (iii) Germany and EEU appear as notable suppliers of emission permits in both markets. (iv) There is a significant aggregate welfare gain under the scenario in which the ETS covering NEIT co-exists parallel with the ETS covering EITE. (v) The aggregate welfare in the EU under the full integration of EITE and NEIT may fall below its value under the scenario with two parallel emission permit markets. ; TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 2022

Thanks God and Peace be upon Prophet Mohammad and his followers. Prayer on dead people, is a worship done by Muslims which is only done in Islam religion. The reason of why the prayer it's obligatory on dead Muslims, is becauce it's legislated as an elimination of the dead right, achieving benefits, forgiveness of sins and intercession. He will benefit from the Muslim prayers who pray for forgiveness and ask Mercy for him. In order to achieve benefit and reward from this prayer, Muslims should know for whom prayer is true or not, and this is the first and main objective of this study. The researcher divided his study into three sessions. the first; the rule of the funeral prayer and its virtues. The second; the prayer conditions and how it is done. The third which is considered the backbones of this research is who should pray on dead people and who shouldn't. The researcher ends his research with a conclusion that summarizes the findings and recommendations.

Two alternating agentive nominals in Persian are distinguished by two different agentive, derivational suffixes/forms, i.e. the simple derived de-verbal nouns and synthetic compounds formed with the suffix -ande, as in gu-y-ande "reporter/speaker," xân-ande "singer," pâk-kon-ande "cleaner" versus the zero-derived synthetic compounds as in soxan-gu-Ø "speaker," "âvâz-xân-Ø "song-singer," barf-pâk-kon-Ø "windshield wiper." It is discussed that the alternation, and lack of alternation, between the two is totally predictable and productive. While the simple derived and synthetic nominals with -ande are eventive, denoting an underlying action performed by an agent external argument, their equivalent alternating synthetic compounds with the zero-suffix are non-eventive, denoting a result nominal with an instrumental or agentive denotation. The analysis is cast in the framework of Distributed Morphology.

In the absence of a direct estimate of migration, indirect methods are used. There are mainly two methods of indirect estimation - the national growth rate method and the residual method. In this paper, the author attempts to separate out natural increase of the migrants from the estimation of the migration rate with special reference to Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi. (DÜI-Sen)