Suchergebnisse

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the long-run dynamic relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth for developing nations.


Design/methodology/approach
This study develops a comprehensive financial inclusion index based on the UNDP methodology for 53 developing nations. The authors use second-generation unit root tests, cointegration techniques and an advanced dynamic common correlated effects estimator model called cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) to examine long-run dynamics among variables.


Findings
The tests confirm the presence of slope-heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency. The second-generation panel unit root tests show the chosen variables are stationary at first difference. The bootstrap Westerlund cointegration result shows the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The CS-ARDL estimates conclude that financial inclusion positively enhances gross domestic product per capita in selected developing countries. The robustness check through augmented mean group estimation validates the findings.


Originality/value
The study makes three important contributions: first, it constructs a comprehensive financial inclusion index using 10 variables for a panel of 53 developing nations; second, the potential cross-section dependence and slope heterogeneity of panel data have been accounted for by applying the second-generation unit root tests; third, the study uses the dynamic common correlated effects estimator model (CS-ARDL) to examine long-run dynamics among variables.

This article reviews the working of private health care clinics besides the district public hospital (Anantnag), and emphasizes the role that they can play in providing the health care services. The aim of this paper is that, how lack of infrastructure, proper care of government and overload of population in public hospitals become burden in utilizing the health care services. It has been observed that the demand for the private health care got valid reasons as mentioned above. The comprehensive idea of all respondents depicts a picture that the public health care centers want proper attention like to increase the staff and employ qualified and experienced doctors by which common people get full benefit from government health care services by which people get rid from exploitation which they experience in those private clinics.