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The past three decades have witnessed dramatic transformations in Danish anti-discrimination law. Multiple methodologies—from semi-structured interviews and contemporary newspaper articles to empirical analyses of new datasets—are employed to elucidate how and why these shifts occurred. The analysis focuses on the agency of a small group of well-funded and sophisticated legal actors, who first harnessed the power of the preliminary reference procedure to advance gender discrimination claims in the 1980s and 1990s. This strategy was repeated—successfully—when Denmark adopted disability rights legislation for the first time in the 2000s. The present article builds—and offers a fresh perspective—on existing literature that investigates where, why and how Member State courts engage with EU law and the preliminary reference procedure.

Neither can he be thought guilty of a greater Crime [than manslaughter], who finding a Man in Bed with his Wife, or being actually struck by him, or pulled by the Nose, or filliped upon the Forehead, immediately kills him."It used to be in the United States, that if you came home and found your wife in bed with the postman, it was perfectly okay to get your shotgun and blow the heads off both of them."Professors of criminal law like to impress their students with the "unwritten law of adulterous provocation." It is seldom part of the curriculum; usually, it seems to present itself off-the-cuff, a professorial ploy to keep lectures interesting, a juridical curiosity that the students can regale friends and family with over dinner. In some classrooms, the unwritten law is limited to the southern United States or to Texas. In my case, at a southern Ontario law school, the entire U.S.A. (with the possible exception of Alaska and Hawaii) was implicated.My teacher probably had heard the same story in a slightly different language from his own professor of introductory criminal law. Rather than gustily losing their heads, perhaps the lovers were "filled full of lead," or the husband treated his wife to a summary shotgun divorce.

"[This book provides analyses] of each of the first four elements of a Clean Water Act offense: addition, pollutant, navigable waters, and point source. Disputes over the interpretations of these statutory terms have produced a steady stream of reported decisions since the initial implementation of the statute. Even after four decades, many of these issues are unresolved and new issues continue to arise. Judicial decisions and interpretations, however, are not the only materials studied for the analyses in this volume. Significant legislative history and administrative interpretations are analyzed as well. This book also examines what, if anything, can be learned about the process of statutory interpretation itself from studying the interpretations of the elements."--