Suchergebnisse

The authors wish to thank the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program for funding this publication under Grant Agreement No. 634588.

A specific group of plant and animal oligosaccharides does not suffer enzymatic digestion in the human upper intestinal tract, achieving the colon microbial ecosystem in intact form. The reason for that is their diverse glycosidic bond structure, in comparison with common energetic polysaccharides as starch or glycogen. In this complex ecosystem, these molecules serve as energy sources, via fermentation, of distinctive beneficial bacterial groups, mainly belonging to the Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Roseburia and other genera. The main catabolic products of these fermentations are short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as acetate, propionate and butyrate, which appear in high concentrations in the lumen around the colon mucosa. Acetate and propionate are associated to energetic purposes for enterocytes, hepatocytes and other cells. Butyrate is the preferred energy source for colonocytes where it controls their cell cycle; butyrate is able to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor colonocytes. These oligosaccharides that increase beneficial colon bacterial populations and induce SCFA production in this ecosystem are called prebiotics. Here, different sources and chemical structures for prebiotics are described, as well as their modulatory effect on the growth of specific probiotic bacterial groups in the colon, and how their fermentation renders diverse SCFA, with beneficial effects in gut health ; AC acknowledges support by Junta de Andalucía (AGR2011-7626) and CSIC (i-link0827). FL wishes to thank MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Grant MINECO-14-RTC-2014-1525-2) and CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial, Grants IDI-20120896 and IDI-20120897) for financial support to JF. We also thank European Union H2020 Program (Grant UE-15-NOMORFILM-634588) for financial support to SRB.

This research was funded by Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Investigación del Principado de Asturias (grant IDI/2018/000120), Programa Severo Ochoa de Ayudas Predoctorales para la investigación y docencia from Principado de Asturias (grants BP16023 to I.G.-d.-R. and BP19058 to P.M.-C), Programa de Ayudas para la Realización de Tesis Doctorales de la Universidad de Oviedo-Banco Santander (PAPI20-PF20 to L.F.-C.), Proyectos I+D+I, del Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (AGL2017- 88095-R) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 814650 for the project SynBio4Flav.