Suchergebnisse

There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ~9000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ~2000-500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also reveal cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina, and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin.

There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ∼2,000–500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin. Video Abstract: [Figure presented] Genome-wide data from 89 ancient humans illuminates the changes to the genetic landscape in the Central Andes over 9,000 years, revealing large-scale gene flow and cosmopolitan societies in the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. ; Fil: Nakatsuka, Nathan. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Lazaridis, Iosif. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Barbieri, Chiara. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania ; Fil: Skoglund, Pontus. University Of Zurich; Suiza ; Fil: Rohland, Nadin. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Mallick, Swapan. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Posth, Cosimo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania ; Fil: Harkins Kinkaid, Kelly. University of California; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Ferry, Matthew. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Harney, Éadaoin. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Michel, Megan. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Stewardson, Kristin. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Novak-Forst, Jannine. The Pennsylvania State University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Capriles, José M. University of California; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Durruty, Marta Alfonso. Kansas State University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Álvarez, Karina Aranda. Sociedad de Arqueología de la Paz; Bolivia ; Fil: Beresford-Jones, David. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido ; Fil: Burger, Richard. University of Yale; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Cadwallader, Lauren. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido ; Fil: Fujita, Ricardo. Universidad de San Martí­n de Porres; Perú ; Fil: Isla, Johny. No especifíca; ; Fil: Lau, George. University of East Anglia; Reino Unido ; Fil: Aguirre, Carlos Lémuz. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; Bolivia ; Fil: LeBlanc, Steven. Harvard University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Maldonado, Sergio Calla. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; Bolivia ; Fil: Meddens, Frank. University of Reading; Reino Unido ; Fil: Messineo, Pablo Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina ; Fil: Culleton, Brendan J. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Harper, Thomas K. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Quilter, Jeffrey. Harvard University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Politis, Gustavo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina ; Fil: Rademaker, Kurt. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Reindel, Markus. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Rivera, Mario. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Salazar, Lucy. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Sandoval, José R. Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Perú ; Fil: Santoro, Calogero M. Universidad de Tarapacá; Chile ; Fil: Scheifler, Nahuel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina ; Fil: Standen, Vivien. Universidad de Tarapacá; Chile ; Fil: Barreto, Maria Ines. Museo de Sitio Huaca Pucllana; Perú ; Fil: Flores Espinoza, Isabel. Museo de Sitio Huaca Pucllana; Perú ; Fil: Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; Perú ; Fil: Valverde, Guido. University of Adelaide; Australia ; Fil: Kennett, Douglas J. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos. University of California; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Cooper, Alan. University of Adelaide; Australia ; Fil: Krause, Johannes. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania ; Fil: Haak, Wolfgang. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania ; Fil: Llamas, Bastien. University of Adelaide; Australia ; Fil: Reich, David. Harvard University; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Fehren Schmitz, Lars. University of California; Estados Unidos

There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ∼2,000–500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin. VIDEO ABSTRACT:

There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ∼2,000-500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca polities. We also highlight cases of long-range mobility connecting the Andes to Argentina and the Northwest Andes to the Amazon Basin. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic. ; The research was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (771234–PALEoRIDER, to W.H.; 805268–CoDisEASe to K. Bos; 834616–ARCHCAUCASUS to S.H.), the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme and Marie Curie Actions under the Programme SASPRO (1340/03/03 to P.C.R.), the ERA.NET RUS Plus–S&T programm of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (277–BIOARCCAUCASUS to S.Re. and S.H.), the Werner Siemens Stiftung ("Paleobiochemistry", to CW), the Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences (to M.E.), the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985912, to M.Dobe.), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-09-00354a, to M.K.K. and V.V.K.; 19-78-10053 to SSh), the German Research Foundation (DFG-HA-5407/4-1–INTERACT to W.H. and RE2688/2 to S.Re.), the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-FRAL-0010–INTERACT, to M.F.D., M.Ri., S.Ro., S.Sai., D.Bi., and P.Le.), the Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (9558 to S.Sab.), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP08856654 to L.B.D., L.M., and E.Kh. and AP08857177 to A.Z.B.).