Suchergebnisse

This study explores how Kuwaitis use Twitter to communicate their attitudes towards women Parliamentary candidates (WCs) in a traditionally male-dominated society, and how these tweeted attitudes are thematically constructed, either negatively or positively. The study also explores how these attitudes differ according to gender and evolve quantitatively and qualitatively over subsequent elections. A total of 1744 tweets about all eight women candidates in 2013 posted for 40 days prior to the Kuwait Parliamentary Election were retrieved and analyzed. The tweets posted about the two women candidates of those eight who continued to run in 2016 and 2020 were also analyzed in terms of length, content, and themes. Gender significantly correlated with attitudes in the first election, but not in the subsequent two elections. Tweeted attitudes turned to be more elaborate, information-based, and longer over consecutive elections. The dominant positive theme was generic, whereas the dominant negative theme was specific, and candidate based. Women candidates were praised for acting like men, whereas they are mocked for looking like men.

The feminist movement Femen started in 2008 in Ukraine. From 2011, the practice of topless protests spread across several countries. To go topless is not unheard of in the history of feminist protest. Nevertheless, the act of protesting topless for feminist goals crystalizes the debate on the sexualization of women's bodies and their mediatization. The controversies this sparked played out across the spheres of activism, media and justice. Three field sites (France, Tunisia and Québec) are compared, on the basis of multiple sources (oral, media, legal, etc.) in order to construct a present history of the feminist organization and the controversies it provoked. Is this feminism a social and political phenomenon or merely a media spectacle?The analysis of the lived reality of the activists involved reconstructs their feminist trajectories and the impact of their activism on their biographies. Diverse protagonists (states, judicial institutions, media, political allies and enemies) participate in the dynamics of mobilization. Some contest the claims to 'the political' that the activists assert in their use of nudity. This thesis demonstrates both the contribution of the feminist activists to a political process (the body-subject) and the forms of appropriation, stigmatization and reproduction of gender stereotypes (the body-object). The research lies at the intersections of the history of feminism, the sociology of activism and controversy analysis. The body politic is an activist experience amongst women, the publicization of political nudity and its effects on various protagonists. ; Le mouvement féministe Femen est né en 2008, en Ukraine. À partir de 2011, la pratique de la manifestation seins nus se diffuse dans plusieurs pays. Se dénuder n'est pas inédit dans l'histoire des femmes. Toutefois, le fait de protester topless pour des raisons féministes cristallise les débats sur la sexualisation du corps féminin et sa médiatisation. Ces controverses se déploient dans les arènes militante, médiatique et judiciaire. ...

The feminist movement Femen started in 2008 in Ukraine. From 2011, the practice of topless protests spread across several countries. To go topless is not unheard of in the history of feminist protest. Nevertheless, the act of protesting topless for feminist goals crystalizes the debate on the sexualization of women's bodies and their mediatization. The controversies this sparked played out across the spheres of activism, media and justice. Three field sites (France, Tunisia and Québec) are compared, on the basis of multiple sources (oral, media, legal, etc.) in order to construct a present history of the feminist organization and the controversies it provoked. Is this feminism a social and political phenomenon or merely a media spectacle?The analysis of the lived reality of the activists involved reconstructs their feminist trajectories and the impact of their activism on their biographies. Diverse protagonists (states, judicial institutions, media, political allies and enemies) participate in the dynamics of mobilization. Some contest the claims to 'the political' that the activists assert in their use of nudity. This thesis demonstrates both the contribution of the feminist activists to a political process (the body-subject) and the forms of appropriation, stigmatization and reproduction of gender stereotypes (the body-object). The research lies at the intersections of the history of feminism, the sociology of activism and controversy analysis. The body politic is an activist experience amongst women, the publicization of political nudity and its effects on various protagonists. ; Le mouvement féministe Femen est né en 2008, en Ukraine. À partir de 2011, la pratique de la manifestation seins nus se diffuse dans plusieurs pays. Se dénuder n'est pas inédit dans l'histoire des femmes. Toutefois, le fait de protester topless pour des raisons féministes cristallise les débats sur la sexualisation du corps féminin et sa médiatisation. Ces controverses se déploient dans les arènes militante, médiatique et judiciaire. ...

The feminist movement Femen started in 2008 in Ukraine. From 2011, the practice of topless protests spread across several countries. To go topless is not unheard of in the history of feminist protest. Nevertheless, the act of protesting topless for feminist goals crystalizes the debate on the sexualization of women's bodies and their mediatization. The controversies this sparked played out across the spheres of activism, media and justice. Three field sites (France, Tunisia and Québec) are compared, on the basis of multiple sources (oral, media, legal, etc.) in order to construct a present history of the feminist organization and the controversies it provoked. Is this feminism a social and political phenomenon or merely a media spectacle?The analysis of the lived reality of the activists involved reconstructs their feminist trajectories and the impact of their activism on their biographies. Diverse protagonists (states, judicial institutions, media, political allies and enemies) participate in the dynamics of mobilization. Some contest the claims to 'the political' that the activists assert in their use of nudity. This thesis demonstrates both the contribution of the feminist activists to a political process (the body-subject) and the forms of appropriation, stigmatization and reproduction of gender stereotypes (the body-object). The research lies at the intersections of the history of feminism, the sociology of activism and controversy analysis. The body politic is an activist experience amongst women, the publicization of political nudity and its effects on various protagonists. ; Le mouvement féministe Femen est né en 2008, en Ukraine. À partir de 2011, la pratique de la manifestation seins nus se diffuse dans plusieurs pays. Se dénuder n'est pas inédit dans l'histoire des femmes. Toutefois, le fait de protester topless pour des raisons féministes cristallise les débats sur la sexualisation du corps féminin et sa médiatisation. Ces controverses se déploient dans les arènes militante, médiatique et judiciaire. ...

The feminist movement Femen started in 2008 in Ukraine. From 2011, the practice of topless protests spread across several countries. To go topless is not unheard of in the history of feminist protest. Nevertheless, the act of protesting topless for feminist goals crystalizes the debate on the sexualization of women's bodies and their mediatization. The controversies this sparked played out across the spheres of activism, media and justice. Three field sites (France, Tunisia and Québec) are compared, on the basis of multiple sources (oral, media, legal, etc.) in order to construct a present history of the feminist organization and the controversies it provoked. Is this feminism a social and political phenomenon or merely a media spectacle?The analysis of the lived reality of the activists involved reconstructs their feminist trajectories and the impact of their activism on their biographies. Diverse protagonists (states, judicial institutions, media, political allies and enemies) participate in the dynamics of mobilization. Some contest the claims to 'the political' that the activists assert in their use of nudity. This thesis demonstrates both the contribution of the feminist activists to a political process (the body-subject) and the forms of appropriation, stigmatization and reproduction of gender stereotypes (the body-object). The research lies at the intersections of the history of feminism, the sociology of activism and controversy analysis. The body politic is an activist experience amongst women, the publicization of political nudity and its effects on various protagonists. ; Le mouvement féministe Femen est né en 2008, en Ukraine. À partir de 2011, la pratique de la manifestation seins nus se diffuse dans plusieurs pays. Se dénuder n'est pas inédit dans l'histoire des femmes. Toutefois, le fait de protester topless pour des raisons féministes cristallise les débats sur la sexualisation du corps féminin et sa médiatisation. Ces controverses se déploient dans les arènes militante, médiatique et judiciaire. ...

The welfare costs of inflation and inflation uncertainty are well documented in the literature and empirical evidence on the link between the two is sparse in the case of Egypt. This paper investigates the causal relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Egypt using monthly time series data during the period January 1974–April 2015. To endogenously control for any potential structural breaks in the inflation time series, Zivot and Andrews (2002) and Clemente–Montanes–Reyes (1998) unit root tests are used. The inflation–inflation uncertainty relation is modeled by the standard two-step approach as well as simultaneously using various versions of the GARCH-M model to control for any potential feedback effects. The analyses explicitly control for the effect of the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) undertaken by the Egyptian government in the early 1990s, which affected inflation rate and its associated volatility. Results show a high degree of inflation–volatility persistence in the response to inflationary shocks. Granger-causality test along with symmetric and asymmetric GARCH-M models indicate a statistically significant bi-directional positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, supporting both the Friedman–Ball and the Cukierman–Meltzer hypotheses. The findings are robust to the various estimation methods and model specifications. The findings of this paper support the view of adopting inflation-targeting policy in Egypt, after fulfilling its preconditions, to reduce the welfare cost of inflation and its related uncertainties. Monetary authorities in Egypt should enhance the credibility of monetary policy and attempt to reduce inflation uncertainty, which will help lower inflation rates.

According to the importance of the occupants" satisfaction with indoor quality, providing thermal comfort is one of the main headlines of the architecture"s duties. While we have faced with technology improvement, it is conceived that the residents" relative satisfaction of thermal comfort in the past had been dramatically more than nowadays. In other hand, nowadays one of the main global issues is energy crisis which forces all industries to fallow some politics in order to reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. Thus providing thermal through air conditioning system seems unacceptable and unjustifiable. In this study, selected traditional and contemporary construction systems compared in terms of thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Traditional construction techniques selected from Ottoman and British periods and contemporary construction techniques were evaluated in the conditions during the indoor environment not air conditioned and continuously air conditioned cases. Keywords: Thermal comfort, Energy efficiency, Building modeling, TAS, PMV, thermal load, thermal behavior. ; ÖZ : Bina iç mekanında, kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkileyen başlıca faktörlerden biri olan ısıl konfor koşullarının oluşturulması, mimarların sağlaması gereken en önemli görevlerden biridir. Bina yapım teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmelere karşın, kullanıcılar geçmişte geleneksel yapım teknikleri ile inşa edilmiş bimalarda ısıl konfor yönden kendilerini daha fazla konforda hissettiklerini düşünmektedir. Günümüzde, özellikle fosil kaynaklı enerji kaynaklarının giderek azalması, enerjinin daha etkin kullanılması ve dolayısıyla enerji tüketimini azaltması hedeflenmektedir. Bu nedenle, ısıl konforun iklimlendirme sistemleriyle gerçekleştirilmesi, enerji tüketimini artıracağından kulanımının azaltılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu araştırmada, çeşitli geleneksel ve güncel bina yapım sistemleri ile inşaa edilmiş konutların ısıl konfor ve enerji korunumu yönünden karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs"ta yer alan, Osmanlı ve İngiliz döneminde kullanılan yapım teknikleri ve güncel olarak kullanılan yapım sistemlerinden seçilen örnekler iç mekanın iklimlendirilmediği ve sürekli iklimlendirildiği koşullarde karşılaştırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Isıl konfor, Enerji etkinliği, TAS, PMV, Isıl yük, Isıl davranış ; Master of Science in Architecture. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, 2014. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Polat Hancer.

Since the 2011 revolution, Egypt has experienced frequent electricity blackouts and severe shortage in energy supplies. The government responded to the problem by reducing the subsidy on energy for heavy industries, and household electricity use. In addition, the government introduced a smart card system that entails a certain quota of fuel for each registered car per month. It appeared to the public that the Egyptian government is attempting to adopt an energy conservation policy to ration energy consumption and manage the deficit in energy supplies. Given that energy is an essential input for many economic activities, there is a concern that a reduction in energy consumption may dampen the growth potentials of the Egyptian economy. This paper investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Egypt during the period 1980-2012, within a multivariate framework by including measures for capital and labor in the aggregate production function. Causality is tested using a modified version of the Granger causality test due to Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The analyses endogenously controls for potential structural breaks in the time series when conducting the unit root tests. In addition to aggregate energy consumption, the analysis is also segregated by different components of energy use including oil, electricity, natural gas and coal to account for any potential aggregation bias. No causal relationship was found between total primary energy consumption and economic growth, supporting the neutrality hypothesis. When the analysis is stratified by energy type, a one way positive causal relation running from economic growth to electricity and oil consumption was found which is consistent with the conservation hypothesis. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence that energy conservation policy has no negative effect on the growth prospects of the Egyptian economy in the long-run.

The welfare costs of inflation and inflation uncertainty are well documented in the literature and empirical evidence on the link between the two is sparse in the case of Egypt. This paper investigates the causal relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Egypt using monthly time series data during the period January 1974 - April 2015. To endogenously control for any potential structural breaks in the inflation time series, Zivot and Andrews (2002) and Clemente-Montanes-Reyes (1998) unit root tests are used. The inflation-inflation uncertainty relation is modeled by the standard two-step approach as well as simultaneously using various versions of the GARCH-M model to control for any potential feedback effects. The analyses explicitly control for the effect of the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) undertaken by the Egyptian government in the early 1990s, which affected inflation rate and its associated volatility. Results show a high degree of inflation-volatility persistence in the response to inflationary shocks. Granger-causality test along with symmetric and asymmetric GARCH-M models indicate a statistically significant bi-directional positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, supporting both the Friedman-Ball and the Cukierman-Meltzer hypotheses. The findings are robust to the various estimation methods and model specifications. The findings of this paper support the view of adopting inflation-targeting policy in Egypt, after fulfilling its preconditions, to reduce the welfare cost of inflation and its related uncertainties. Monetary authorities in Egypt should enhance the credibility of monetary policy and attempt to reduce inflation uncertainty, which will help lower inflation rates.

Abstract
The quality dimension of immigrant human capital has received little attention in the
economic assimilation literature. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how
human capital acquired in different source countries may be adjusted according to its
quality in the Canadian labor market. This is achieved by deriving quality-adjustment
indices using data from the 2001 Canadian census. These indices are then used to
examine the role of schooling quality in explaining differential returns to schooling
and over-education rates by country-of-origin. The key finding is that accounting for
schooling quality virtually eliminates native-immigrant gaps in returns to schooling
and the incidence of over-education. The quality of human capital is important for
understanding the economic integration of immigrants.

JEL Codes

F22; I2; J15; J31