Suchergebnisse

"Salazar: A Political Biography, is the definitive biography of the longstanding Portuguese dictator. António de Oliveira Salazar entered the government of Portugal when Herbert Hoover was president and ended his political career at the end of the Johnson administration. He remained in power for forty years (1928-1968), one of the longest tenures in modern history. Unlike the other "great dictators" of the twentieth century, Salazar, an academic, immersed himself in the minutiae of government and administration, maintaining a prodigious work rate until illness forced his retirement. He successfully managed his country's finances despite the impact of the Great Depression, imposing a harsh policy of austerity. He then preserved Portugal's neutrality during the Second World War, ultimately favouring Great Britain and the United States. But Salazar was at heart an extremely conservative, even reactionary statesman. He relied on secrecy and a police state to maintain the order which, he believed, was necessary to control progress. Rejecting the anti-colonialist movements in Asia and Africa, he plunged Portugal into a series of wars in Africa it could ill afford. Fully revised and updated throughout, this remains the definitive biography of a key Portuguese political leader who was a significant presence in twentieth-century politics. This book will be of interest to historians of the far right, international diplomacy and Portugal"--

Although the First World War began officially on 28 July 1914, the countries of southern Europe were by no means unaccustomed to armed conflict. Whether in the colonial sphere (in the cases of Portugal, Spain, and Italy) or against a European power (in the cases of Italy and Greece), all four of the countries covered in this paper had recently been engaged in sometimes defensive, but more often aggressive, military action – so much so that the chronological limits of the First World War are beginning, in the opinion of many historians – to fray at the edges. Nevertheless, all four countries would find it impossible to contain the internal political, socioeconomic and cultural tensions unleashed by the war which, beginning in the Balkans, quickly spread across Europe, from France and Belgium to Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and beyond. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on these tensions in four countries whose ambitions were greater than their means, but in which interventionist figures saw in the war a shortcut to the fulfilment of their hopes for territorial aggrandizement, political ascendancy and a new status among the victorious nations. The consequences of this "pre-war" situation would, in all four cases (even if Spain was to remain neutral), have a dramatic impact on wartime and postwar politics.

AbstractAntónio de Oliveira Salazar, dictatorial premier of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, like most conservatives of his generation, had opposed Portugal's intervention in the Great War. Once in power, and especially during his time as Minister of War (1936–44), Salazar attempted to wind down the commemoration ceremonies, which centred on 9 April. His failure to do so is very revealing of the difficult relationship between Salazar and the Portuguese army, which was the main beneficiary of these ceremonies, and which saw itself as having a privileged role within Salazar's New State.

Ana Mira (ed.) (2002), Actas das sesses secretas da Cmara dos Deputados e do Senado da Repblica sobre a participao de Portugal na I Grande Guerra, Lisbon: Assembleia da Repblica & Edies Afrontamento

Throughout the 1930s and early 1940s, Portugal and its regime, Salazar's New State, were presented to the Irish public as a model of a new, socially just and Catholic brand of politics. Deliberately ignoring the repressive nature of the New State, Irish defenders of corporativism benefited from the lack of impartial information concerning it. This lack of information, at least in official circles, was overcome through the establishment of a legation in Lisbon in early 1942. Irish diplomats were able to provide a truer account of life in Portugal, countering the earlier propaganda and providing an interesting picture of the New State at work.

Aniceto Afonso, História de uma conspiração: Sinel de Cordes e o 28 de Maio (Lisbon: Editorial Notícias, 2000), 222 pp., [euro]12.97, ISBN 972-46-1175-2. Manuel Baiôa, Elites políticas em Évora: Da I República à ditadura militar (1925–1926) (Lisbon: Edições Cosmos, 2000), preface by António Costa Pinto, xvi +344 pp., [euro]21.45, ISBN 972-762-199-6. Telmo Faria, Debaixo de fogo! Salazar e as forças armadas (1935–41) (Lisbon: Edições Cosmos & Instituto de Defesa Nacional, 2000), 286 pp., [euro]26.44, ISBN 972-762-220-8. João Medina, Salazar, Hitler e Franco: Estudos sobre a ditadura (Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 2000), 308 pp., [euro]18.85, ISBN 972-24-1074-1. Fernando Rosas, Salazarismo e fomento económico: O primado do político na história económica do Estado Novo (Lisbon: Editorial Notícias, 2000), 259 pp., [euro]13.92, ISBN 972-46-1110-8. Pedro Aires Oliveira, Armindo Monteiro: Uma biografia política (Venda Nova: Bertrand Editora, 2000), 340 pp., [euro]17.96, ISBN 972-25-1122-X.Studies regarding the origins and nature of António Oliveira Salazar's New State are
being published in Portugal at an impressive rate. New sources and methods are
being employed by Portuguese historians in an attempt to come to grips with a
dictatorship which lasted forty-eight years and which, although able to change its
guise, was always reluctant to do so, and was never as successful in transforming
itself as Francoist Spain.