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Fossil Fuel Subsidy pose a great threat to economic, social and environmental life. Fossil Fuel subsidy are largely undesirable and detrimental to environment and result in increased carbon emissions or environmental damage. India's fossil fuel consumption has increased since 2000 and energy sector in specific is largely dependent on primary energy sources. Therefore, India subsidised its fossil fuels, with petroleum subsidies being the largest of all. But India being a member of G-20 has pledged to remove Fossil Fuel Subsidy in 2009 and reduce the unwanted consumption. Hence, India has taken key steps in pricing reforms to cut Fossil Fuel Subsidy and ensure sustainable consumption and production. The objective of the study is to show that fossil fuel subsidy is responsible for increase in CO2 emissions and the study proves it by running an OLS regression analysis. The paper also highlights the existence, trends, measures and impact on Fossil Fuel Subsidy with focus on India.

For a growing economy like India, most of its energy resources are obtained through extractive processes such as mining of coal and other minerals. Mining can however have many negative social and ecological impacts if it is not well regulated. Illegal mining or inadequate reclamation of abandoned mines can amplify these impacts, emphasizing the need to develop methods that can monitor changes in the land-use patterns in and around mining sites. We develop a method using machine learning on freely available satellite data to monitor the extent of mines, and augment it with outputs from land use and land cover classification, deforestation detection, and PM2.5 particulate matter estimation from remote sensing data to track land-use and ecological changes taking place in the proximity of mining sites. We provide evaluation results of our mining delineation classifier, a feasibility check of this suite of tools to monitor mining areas over a period of four years, and a temporal characterization study over 628 mines in India that were granted a clearance for operations during the period 2006 to 2012. We further use this suite of monitoring tools to compare socio-economic development and health indicators across mining and non-mining areas, across various states in India, to study whether extractive processes of mining benefit the immediate population in their neighbourhood.

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of waiting room based multisensory adapted dental environment (SADE) as a novel, non‐invasive behavior management technique in alleviating anxiety levels in children with Down syndrome.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. A total of 40 children between 8 and 13 years of age diagnosed with Down syndrome were included in our study. Prior to the first dental evaluation, they were divided equally into two groups using simple randomization via lottery system. Group A (Intervention group): Patients were subjected to a sensory adapted environment (SADE) in the waiting room for 10 min prior to dental evaluation. Group B (Control group): Patients were subjected to a regular dental environment (RDE) in the waiting room for 10 min prior to dental evaluation. Outcome parameters evaluated at baseline and post dental evaluation were anxiety and behavior, using a pulse oximeter and the Modified Venham's Scale respectively. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). The 'p' value < .05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval.ResultsMann‐Whitney U test was used to carry out the inter group analysis which showed a significant increase in the heart rate (26.00, p = .00) in Group B and a significant decrease in the Modified Venham Scale score (90.00, p = .001) in Group A. The Wilcoxon Signed ranks test was used to carry out the intra group analysis for which a significant difference between the two time intervals for heart rate (−3.69, p = .00) and Modified Venham Scale score (−1.46, p = .03) was obtained in Group A whereas a significant difference was obtained only in the heart rate (−3.04, p = .002) in Group B.ConclusionMultisensory‐adapted dental environment (SADE) in the waiting room effectively improves behavior, reduces anxiety and sensory discomfort among children with Down syndrome.

AbstractCongenital afibrinogenemia is a rare hematologic disorder with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per million people worldwide. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is characterized by the inability to synthesize fibrinogen. Clinical features range from minimal bleeding to catastrophic hemorrhage. Because of its rarity, there are not enough clinical guidelines in the management of oral manifestations of patients with this disorder. The following case report presents the dental management of a 4‐year‐old child with congenital afibrinogenemia under general anesthesia. A multidisciplinary team approach was followed to achieve full mouth rehabilitation, thus improving the overall quality of life of the patient.