KATI ATIK GERİ DÖNÜŞÜM VE GERİ KAZANIMINDA BİR ARAÇ OLARAK DEPOZİTO UYGULAMASI
In Turkey, in accordance with the Act of Environment Number 2872 the first Regulations on Control of Solid Waste which was\r\npublished in Official Journal dated and issue March 14th, 1991/20814. In the draft of the regulations on control of solid waste, deposit\r\napplication was proposed by Prof. Dr. Adem Baştürk, but this proposal was not accepted, instead quota application was accepted. Quota\r\napplication projected a recycling ratio 40% for glass and plastics, and 38% for metals, paper, and cardboards for the year 2008. This\r\napplication was terminated by a regulation issued in the Official Journal dated April 05, 2005/25777. Regulations on Control of\r\nPackaging and Packaging Wastes and other regulations regulate the recycling and resource recovery. Deposit application is an\r\ninvention of beverage industry instead of the government. Old type, heavy and refillable bottles and cans or packaging material were\r\ncollected by industrial companies voluntarily using deposit to increase the efficiency of their investment capitals in the first three\r\nquarter of 20th century. During the later years more cheap and light bottles, containers, and cans, and plastics packaging material were\r\ninvented and beverage industries stop the volunteer deposit. The benefits of the applications with refund are given in the following.\r\n"Cost of recycling and resource recovery are paid by producers rather than municipalities and consumers-It helps to complete the\r\nexisting curbside recycling programs-It specifically reduces littering of beverage containers along highways, in lakes, rivers, and\r\nrecreational and picnic areas-It reduces the cost of collecting the litter from the nature-It extends the lifetime of solid waste landfills-It\r\nprotects children by effectively reducing the incidence of glass laceration in childhood". Deposit application in the U.S.A. began in\r\n1971 in Oregon and the following years was applied in other states and also in the countries of the world; this system also continued\r\nwith differences in the deposit fees and beverage types. The producers of glass and cans for water, fruit juice, beer, soda, and similar\r\nbeverages, shopping malls, chain markets, their research institutes, foundations and their lobby have always been against the deposit\r\nsystem by spending large amounts of money. Upon implementing deposit system a 30-60% reduction in littering on highways was\r\nobtained in the states which have 30% of the population of the U.S.A. While the recycling ratio in the states implementing deposit\r\nsystem increased to 78%, those states not following the deposit system remained 23%. The 13th paragraph contains the proposal about\r\nthe cancellation the quota system and putting the deposit system into effect in the part entitled Solution Proposal of the "Special Expert\r\nCommission Report for Five Year Development Plan" prepared and published by the "State Planning Agency Of Turkey" (DPT).
