Suchergebnisse

Tracing the historical trajectory of the pocho (Latinos who are influenced by Anglo culture) in pop culture, Medina shows how the trope of pocho/pocha/poch@, which traditionally signified the negative connotation of "cultural traitor" in Spanish, has been reclaimed through the pop cultural productions of Latinos who self-identify as poch@.

WITH THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS BECAME A TWO-PRONG SYSTEM. THE FIRST PRONG IS FORMED BY THE MECHANISMS DEVELOPED UNDER THE CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES; THE SECOND PRONG IS COMPOSED OF THE MECHANISMS SET FORTH BY THE CONVENTION, WHICH AUTHORIZES THE COMMISSION AND THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS TO HANDLE COMPLAINTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ALLEGEDLY COMMITTED BY ANY STATE PARTY TO THE CONVENTION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO ANALYZE THE MANNER IN WHICH THE SECOND, CONVENTION-BASED MECHANISMS HAVE STARTED TO OPERATE. IT EXAMINES THE WAY THE COMMISSION OPERATED BEFORE THE CONVENTION ENTERED INTO FORCE AND DESCRIBES THE CHANGES THAT THE CONVENTION BROUGHT. IT CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE LIMITATIONS THAT MAY IMPEDE THE SYSTEM.

Construction has grown exponentially in recent decades. This development has also brought large production of debris from construction and demolition. These wastes have reached the environment and generated a very important pollution in the landscape, soil and water. Equally it represents a loss of potential resources; because these wastes still have capacity to be recovered. Both central and regional government have published numerous standards, in recent years, to establish guidelines for a proper management, reuse and recycling of this debris. This paper analyzes the current status of this legislation, their gaps and their degree of implementation. ; El sector de la construcción ha crecido de forma exponencial en las últimas décadas y con él, la producción de residuos generados, estimándose esta en 2 kg por habitante y día, lo que representa una magnitud escalofriante. Para solucionar este problema la administración promueve comportamientos ecológicos respecto a la gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición (producción y posterior manejo y utilización de los mismos) a través de la redacción de normas que regulen el tema. Estas normas presentan importantes carencias y limitaciones. Si estas carencias y limitaciones no se resuelven, el proceso encaminado a mejorar la sostenibilidad se interrumpe y las medidas tomadas hasta el momento se vuelven ineficaces. Este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto estos problemas a fin de evitarlos, de forma que todos los agentes implicados conozcan el importante papel que desempeñan en la correcta gestión.

This work presents the first detailed map of the Holocene eruptions of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). It provides complete and detailed information for all 24 Holocene eruptions of Gran Canaria, improving the knowledge of this recent volcanism and the assessment of volcanic hazards on the island. This map is a synthesis of collated and interpreted field data and topographic maps. We have integrated information obtained from: (1) detailed geological field surveys, (2) morphometric analysis of eruptive deposits, (3) high-resolution digital elevation models, and (4) aerial photographs. ; The research carried out to develop this map, including field work, radiometric dating, geomorphology, petrology and geochemistry, was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for the research project CGL2004-04039/BTE and the Canarian Government for the research project PI2002/148; Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Rercursos natuales (i-UNAT), ULPGC. ; Peer reviewed

Despite advances in the treatment quality of HIV throughout the world, several countries are still facing numerous obstacles in delivering HIV treatment at a sufficiently high quality, putting patients' lives in jeopardy. The aim of this status article is to give an overview of HIV treatment outcomes in the West African country, Guinea-Bissau, and to assess how newer treatment strategies such as long-acting injectable drugs or an HIV cure may limit or stop the HIV epidemic in this politically unstable and low-resource setting. Several HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau have been established and are used as platforms for epidemiological, virological, immunological and clinical studies often with a special focus on HIV-2, which is prevalent in the country. The Bandim Health Project, a demographic surveillance site, has performed epidemiological HIV surveys since 1987 among an urban population in the capital Bissau. The Police cohort, an occupational cohort of police officers, has enabled analyses of persons seroconverting with estimated times of seroconversion among HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected individuals, allowing incidence measurements while the Bissau HIV Cohort and a newer Nationwide HIV Cohort have provided clinical data on large numbers of HIV-infected patients. The HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau are unique platforms for research and represent real life in many African countries. Poor adherence, lack of HIV viral load measurements, inadequate laboratory facilities, high rates of loss to follow-up, mortality, treatment failure and resistance development, are just some of the challenges faced putting the goal of "90–90–90″ for Guinea-Bissau well out of reach by 2020. Maintaining undetectable viral loads on treatment as a prerequisite of a cure strategy seems not possible at the moment. Thinking beyond one-pill-once-a-day, long-acting antiretroviral treatment options such as injectable drugs or implants may be a better treatment option in settings like Guinea-Bissau and may even pave the way for an HIV cure. If the ...

Despite advances in the treatment quality of HIV throughout the world, several countries are still facing numerous obstacles in delivering HIV treatment at a sufficiently high quality, putting patients' lives in jeopardy. The aim of this status article is to give an overview of HIV treatment outcomes in the West African country, Guinea-Bissau, and to assess how newer treatment strategies such as long-acting injectable drugs or an HIV cure may limit or stop the HIV epidemic in this politically unstable and low-resource setting. Several HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau have been established and are used as platforms for epidemiological, virological, immunological and clinical studies often with a special focus on HIV-2, which is prevalent in the country. The Bandim Health Project, a demographic surveillance site, has performed epidemiological HIV surveys since 1987 among an urban population in the capital Bissau. The Police cohort, an occupational cohort of police officers, has enabled analyses of persons seroconverting with estimated times of seroconversion among HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected individuals, allowing incidence measurements while the Bissau HIV Cohort and a newer Nationwide HIV Cohort have provided clinical data on large numbers of HIV-infected patients. The HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau are unique platforms for research and represent real life in many African countries. Poor adherence, lack of HIV viral load measurements, inadequate laboratory facilities, high rates of loss to follow-up, mortality, treatment failure and resistance development, are just some of the challenges faced putting the goal of "90-90-90″ for Guinea-Bissau well out of reach by 2020. Maintaining undetectable viral loads on treatment as a prerequisite of a cure strategy seems not possible at the moment. Thinking beyond one-pill-once-a-day, long-acting antiretroviral treatment options such as injectable drugs or implants may be a better treatment option in settings like Guinea-Bissau and may even pave the way for an HIV cure. If the delivery of antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa in a sustainable way for the future should be improved by focusing on existing treatment options or through focusing on new treatment options remains to be determined.