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In the past decade the global financial assistance for AIDS responses increased tremendously and the donor community provided greater resources to community responses. Yet little is known about the global magnitude of these resources and their allocation among HIV and AIDS activities and services. To address this knowledge gap, this report pulls together evidence from several different sources (donor data bases, surveys of civil society organizations, country funding profiles) to determine, among other things, how funds are reaching civil society and community-based organizations, how these funds are being used, and the degree to which these organizations rely on other sources of funding. The analysis suggests that funding flows have increased dramatically for civil society organizations (CSOs), reaching at least 690 million per year on average during the period 2003-2009. However, much smaller funding is reaching organizations at local level.The report documents the impact achieved by this funding. Traditionally, civil society organizations have been perceived at times to be providers of humanitarian aid, innovators in implementing responses adapted to local needs, or inefficient actors diverting public funds from more effective uses. The report argues that current evidence shows that community responses play a useful complementary role to national AIDS programs that has been achieved with relatively little funding. Contrary to a widespread view, the report highlights that community responses add resources to national programs. In Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe, substantial mobilization of resources in the form of volunteers are mobilized by communities. There is a strong risk that in the current environment of increased resource scarcity, prevention programs implemented by civil society organizations would be cut unless there is strong evidence of

China's engagement in global affairs has changed substantially in the 2010s. One aspect of the country's global reorientation has been its increased interest in, and willingness to play a role in, global health. In the early 2010s, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) initiated a collaboration with the Chinese government on a programme to support the country to play a greater and more effective global role in health and explore how the UK and China could work together on issues of key concern and contribute to improved global development outcomes. The programme worked with key Chinese agencies to carry out capacity building, support analysis of China's approaches to engagement in global health governance and assistance, and provide support to government decision making. It also trialled several small-scale interventions in third countries through which Chinese agencies gained experience of working on health programmes overseas. The article reports on the main findings of an evaluation commissioned by DFID to learn from the programme. The programme provided support at a key time in China's global reorientation; however, there is a need for continued development of capacity and systems for China to play the role envisaged by the country's leadership. There is also a need for continued exploration on the part of China and partners of how to effectively collaborate to support improved global outcomes.

AbstractCivil society programmes and funding mechanisms need tools to assess capacities of organizations to identify credible partners and further build their capacity to absorb funds and implement programmes. However, for all the investment in capacity building, results and impact are often difficult to evaluate, although most programmes monitor process indicators. The International HIV/AIDS Alliance is running a multi‐country prevention programme with over 60 community organizations where participatory analysis of partners' capacities at the beginning of a programme will accelerate capacity building and provide baseline data to evaluate increases in capacity and impacts on programme outcomes. The work has contributed to a new printed toolkit for analysing NGO capacity. Unlike many assessment tools, the toolkit provides participatory training hand‐in‐hand with participatory appraisal methods, to enable organisations to critically reflect and motivate for change internally. The scope of the toolkit goes beyond traditional organisational development, to look at other areas of capacity instrumental for organisations providing services and working for change related to HIV/AIDS. The toolkit is freely available from the organisation's website (www.aidsalliance.org). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.