Suchergebnisse

This study aims to review relevant blueprints, visions and masterplans for offshore wind development in other countries, in order to inform a methodology for writing a blueprint, arising from the research conducted in the EirWind project. The EirWind Blueprint is envisaged as a synthesis of the studies conducted through EirWind, ultimately presented, such that policy makers may derive value for forward (master) planning purposes. Three case studies have been selected to cover a range of issues, including infrastructure, government supports, innovation and public engagement, from New York and Virginia in the United States, and Taiwan. The blueprint process and resulting masterplan for New York consists of a comprehensive suite of actions for site selection, grid development, economic supports and stakeholder engagement. The vision for Virginia outlines infrastructure and geographical advantages, and the opportunity for Virginia to become a hub for the East Coast offshore wind supply chain. The Taiwan government's promotion targets, strategies and incentives for offshore wind including the "Thousand Wind Turbines" project, Feed-in-Tariff, and incentives for demonstration projects have effectively supported the offshore wind industry in that country. The high demand for electricity and strong grid in New York and Taiwan, which can absorb the large scale offshore wind power, require less action for route to markets, wind dispatch down resolution and power to gas, than in Ireland Following issues identified in the case studies, the recommended future scope of work for WP6 should include national and international clusters for supply chain, region-based REFiT and incentives, routes to transport and heat markets and storage of hydrogen, and cumulative impact assessment. Lessons learned indicate that consideration of spatial and temporal scales are essential in developing the blueprint for sustainable development of offshore wind in Ireland. A three-dimensional template is therefore proposed for correlating and ...

This study aims to review relevant blueprints, visions and masterplans for offshore wind development in other countries, in order to inform a methodology for writing a blueprint, arising from the research conducted in the EirWind project. The EirWind Blueprint is envisaged as a synthesis of the studies conducted through EirWind, ultimately presented, such that policy makers may derive value for forward (master) planning purposes. Three case studies have been selected to cover a range of issues, including infrastructure, government supports, innovation and public engagement, from New York and Virginia in the United States, and Taiwan. The blueprint process and resulting masterplan for New York consists of a comprehensive suite of actions for site selection, grid development, economic supports and stakeholder engagement. The vision for Virginia outlines infrastructure and geographical advantages, and the opportunity for Virginia to become a hub for the East Coast offshore wind supply chain. The Taiwan government's promotion targets, strategies and incentives for offshore wind including the "Thousand Wind Turbines" project, Feed-in-Tariff, and incentives for demonstration projects have effectively supported the offshore wind industry in that country. The high demand for electricity and strong grid in New York and Taiwan, which can absorb the large scale offshore wind power, require less action for route to markets, wind dispatch down resolution and power to gas, than in Ireland Following issues identified in the case studies, the recommended future scope of work for WP6 should include national and international clusters for supply chain, region-based REFiT and incentives, routes to transport and heat markets and storage of hydrogen, and cumulative impact assessment. Lessons learned indicate that consideration of spatial and temporal scales are essential in developing the blueprint for sustainable development of offshore wind in Ireland. A three-dimensional template is therefore proposed for correlating and ...

This report highlights the importance of hydrogen energy in Ireland. For the benefits of potential stakeholders, particularly EirWind industry partners, methods of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, including the present and the predicted costs, and a description of fuel cells are briefly reviewed and discussed. The discussion includes a concept of offshore platforms for hydrogen production from windfarms. The markets for hydrogen are first demonstrated by its supply and consumer chains and schematic and sectorial applications. A number of relevant reference case studies of hydrogen markets are reviewed including (i) present and future viability of renewable hydrogen produced from wind farms in Germany and Texas, USA, (ii) the green hydrogen economy in the Northern Netherlands, (iii) the H21 Leeds City Gate project studying technical and economic feasibility of converting the existing natural gas network in Leeds to 100% hydrogen, and (iv) a list of typical hydrogen-based vehicles and infrastructures in operation or under construction throughout the world. The opportunities for new and future hydrogen markets in Ireland are finally discussed with respect to reduction of wind energy LCOE and dispatch-down and to transport, industry, residential and other sectors. Actions to accomplish the market push and pull effects that need to be taken as a first priority by both market stakeholders and regulatory bodies, are proposed. Hydrogen needs to be included in scenarios of Ireland's future energy and government policy. In order to push the market-push, government policy intervention is required to overcome major barriers to a hydrogen economy. That include policy and incentives for utilities to transition to hydrogen. After generating such initial push, a retrospective market pull across the hydrogen supply chain as certainty of a hydrogen economy should be established through regulatory business plans.

This report highlights the importance of hydrogen energy in Ireland. For the benefits of potential stakeholders, particularly EirWind industry partners, methods of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, including the present and the predicted costs, and a description of fuel cells are briefly reviewed and discussed. The discussion includes a concept of offshore platforms for hydrogen production from windfarms. The markets for hydrogen are first demonstrated by its supply and consumer chains and schematic and sectorial applications. A number of relevant reference case studies of hydrogen markets are reviewed including (i) present and future viability of renewable hydrogen produced from wind farms in Germany and Texas, USA, (ii) the green hydrogen economy in the Northern Netherlands, (iii) the H21 Leeds City Gate project studying technical and economic feasibility of converting the existing natural gas network in Leeds to 100% hydrogen, and (iv) a list of typical hydrogen-based vehicles and infrastructures in operation or under construction throughout the world. The opportunities for new and future hydrogen markets in Ireland are finally discussed with respect to reduction of wind energy LCOE and dispatch-down and to transport, industry, residential and other sectors. Actions to accomplish the market push and pull effects that need to be taken as a first priority by both market stakeholders and regulatory bodies, are proposed. Hydrogen needs to be included in scenarios of Ireland's future energy and government policy. In order to push the market-push, government policy intervention is required to overcome major barriers to a hydrogen economy. That include policy and incentives for utilities to transition to hydrogen. After generating such initial push, a retrospective market pull across the hydrogen supply chain as certainty of a hydrogen economy should be established through regulatory business plans.

This document is a synthesis of the research conducted by the EirWind project team, over a two-year period from August 2018 to July 2020. It presents a blueprint for consideration by policymakers. The approach to this research synthesis places the market as the central factor for analysis. As previously stated, Ireland has an abundant wind resource, requiring export markets to realise its considerable potential. The market opportunities described in this report, start with national targets for 70% of renewable electricity by 2030. In response, the Arklow project and the seven 'relevant projects' identified by the government this year, will be the game-changers; - the projects that will pave the way for future development. Effective delivery of the Renewable Energy Support Scheme (RESS) is central to this in the early 2020s. There is a considerable learning curve to be achieved in the decade ahead, to get things right for these projects which are at various stages of development. EirWind analysed three scenarios for production zones in the Irish Sea, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic. The bottom-fixed offshore wind scenario in the Irish Sea, for a 500MW farm coming on-stream in 2025, is the most cost-effective with an estimated range of €51-66/MWh. Floating offshore wind in the Celtic Sea shows considerable potential; an estimated Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) range of €63-90/MWh for circa 1GW coming on stream in 2035. For the Atlantic zone, the wind resource yields a high capacity factor (62%). The estimated LCoE range (€75-107/MWh for 1GW from c.2035) is higher than the Irish and Celtic Sea scenarios, primarily due to the harsher conditions reducing the number of weather windows available to complete offshore operations. EirWind findings indicate that there is a route to market for up to 25GW of offshore wind in Ireland, with 6.5GW to 7.3GW possible by 2030, taking development scenarios for existing electricity transmission and future green hydrogen production into consideration. The potential is possibly much ...

Under EU Directive 2009/28/EC on Renewable Energy each Member State is mandated to ensure that 10% of transport energy (excluding aviation and marine transport) comes from renewable sources by 2020. The Irish Government intends to achieve this target with a number of policies including an increase in the use of biofuels in transport by 3% by 2010 and ensuring that 10% of all vehicles in the transport fleet are powered by electricity by 2020. Electric vehicles (EVs) do not emit exhaust fumes in the same manner as traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The optimal benefits of EVs can only be truly achieved if EVs are deployed effectively, so that exhaust pipe gaseous emissions are not fully displaced to the electricity sector. This paper examines the potential contributions that Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles can make in reducing carbon dioxide. The paper presents the results of the generation expansion model for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland built using the dynamic programming based long term generation expansion planning tool called the Wien Automatic System Planning IV tool. The model optimizes power dispatch using hourly electricity demand curves for each year up to 2020, while incorporating generator characteristics and certain operational requirements such as energy not served and loss of load probability while satisfying constraints on environmental emissions, fuel availability and generator operational and maintenance costs. In order to simulate the effect of PHEV, two distinct charging scenarios are applied based on a peak tariff and an off peak tariff. The importance and influence of the charging regime on the amount of energy used and gaseous emissions displaced is determined and briefly discussed.