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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Thomas Percival's Medical Ethics and the Invention of Medical Professionalism -- Chapter 1: What Percival Inherits: John Gregory's Moral Revolution Against the Long Tradition of Entrepreneurial Medicine in the History of Western Medicine -- 1.1 Origins of Thomas Percival's Professional Ethics in Medicine in John Gregory's Professional Ethics in Medicine -- 1.2 A Methodologic Note: Historically Based, Philosophical Interpretation of Texts -- 1.2.1 The Discovery of Ethical Concepts -- 1.2.2 The Invention of Ethical Concepts -- 1.2.3 The Quest for Certainty and the Quest for Reliability -- 1.3 The Long Tradition of Entrepreneurial Medicine in the History of Western Medicine -- 1.3.1 Hippocratic Entrepreneurialism -- 1.3.2 The Royal Colleges: Guild Entrepreneurialism -- 1.3.3 De Cautelis Medici: Cautious Entrepreneurialism -- 1.3.4 Medicus Politicus: Politic Entrepreneurialism -- 1.4 Anomalies for the Paradigm of Entrepreneurial Medical Practice: Unaccountable Power and Distrust -- 1.5 John Gregory's Revolutionary Invention of Professional Ethics in Medicine -- 1.5.1 Gregory's Invention of the First Commitment of the Ethical Concept of Medicine as a Profession -- 1.5.1.1 Biographical Sketch -- 1.5.1.2 Intellectual Authority in Bacon's Philosophy of Science and Medicine -- 1.5.1.3 Intellectual Authority in Gregory's Philosophy of Medicine -- 1.5.1.4 Gregory's First Paradigm Shift -- 1.5.2 Gregory's Invention of the Second Commitment of the Ethical Concept of Medicine as a Profession -- 1.5.2.1 Men of "Interest" -- 1.5.2.2 Gregory on the Physiologic Principle of Sympathy -- 1.5.2.3 David Hume's Baconian Moral Science on the Principle of Sympathy -- 1.5.2.4 John Gregory's Baconian Moral Science of Sympathy and Its Professional Virtues of Tenderness and Steadiness.

This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Medical Ethics contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on ethical reasoning and its key components; medical ethics, professional medical ethics, and bioethics; and topics in clinical ethics.

This book achieves a number of scholarly `firsts': the first account of Leibniz's philosophy on individuals and the principle of individuation; the first exploration of Leibniz's earliest philosophy, its sources in later scholastic philosophy, and the influence of those sources on his mature philosophy; bringing together in one place numerous Latin scholastic and Leibnizian texts, with many translated into English. On the basis of a thorough study of Leibniz's earliest philosophy, a new interpretation of central themes in Leibniz's philosophy is offered. This scholarly investigation demonstrates the persistence of premodern ideas in modern philosophy, calling into question in what sense Leibniz is a `modern' philosopher and how the `modern' should be understood in modern philosophy and postmodernism. The intended audience includes historians of modern and later scholastic philosophy, Leibniz scholars, historians of ideas, philosophers with an interest in ontology and metaphysics, and graduate students in philosophy

The professional medical ethics model of decision making may be applied to decisions clinicians and patients make under the conditions of clinical uncertainty that exist when evidence is low or very low. This model uses the ethical concepts of medicine as a profession, the professional virtues of integrity and candor and the patient's virtue of prudence, the moral management of medical uncertainty, and trial of intervention. These features combine to justifiably constrain clinicians' and patients' autonomy with the goal of preventing nondeliberative decisions of patients and clinicians. To prevent biased recommendations by the clinician that promote such nondeliberative decisions, medically reasonable alternatives supported by low or very low evidence should be offered but not recommended. The professional medical ethics model of decision making aims to improve the quality of decisions by reducing the unacceptable variation that can result from nondeliberative decision making by patients and clinicians when evidence is low or very low.

Bioethics as a field began some years before it was finally
named in the early 1970s. In many ways, bioethics originated in
response to urgent matters of the moment, including the controversy
over disconnecting Karen Quinlan's respirator, the egregious
paternalism of Donald Cowart's doctors in the famous "Dax"
case, the abuse of research subjects in the notorious Tuskegee
Syphilis Study, and the need to devise an intellectual framework
for the development of federal regulations to protect human
subjects of research. The phrase "new and unprecedented"
became a common description of the topics and issues to which people
who later came to be called "bioethicists" responded. It
should come as no surprise that bioethics and its practitioners soon
came to the self-understanding that their work was new and
unprecedented, much as the innovations of biomedical science
and their clinical applications were thought to be.

A comprehensive, accessible approach to the everyday ethical challenges faced in obstetric and gynecological practice. Offering practical guidance for practitioners at all levels, the text also provides a sustained exploration of professional ethics in the intersection of obstetrics and gynecology with psychiatry. Drawing on their award-winning teaching, the authors start each chapter with goals, objectives, topics, and a list of key concepts, which are defined in a separate section. Chapters cover a multitude of topics, from pregnancy and the quest for the 'perfect' baby to end-of-life care - all underpinned by the need for professionally responsible research, advocacy, and health policy. Professional Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology is an indispensable resource for both trainee and practicing obstetricians and gynecologists. A chapter devoted solely to pedagogy in professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology supports the readers' learning and those with or without formal training in ethics to teach students, residents, and colleagues.

Surgical ethics is the application of ethics to issues specific to surgery. This volume provides a collection of clinical case studies representing a wide range of the ethical issues surgeons confront today. It is an excellent text for teaching surgical ethics to surgical residents and medical students and a fascinating read for practicing surgeons. It is intended to engage the reader into participating in evidence-based ethical conflicts. The authors escort us through 71 brief, realistic, and ethically complex problems, offering a series of five possible resolutions to each and guiding us thr