Suchergebnisse

Поступила в редакцию: 05.08.2020. Принята к печати: 23.07.2021. ; Submitted: 05.08.2020. Accepted: 23.07.2021. ; Статья посвящена феномену членских взносов в истории массовой добровольной организации позднесоветского периода — Всесоюзного общества любителей книги (ВОК). Цель исследования — рассмотреть место взносов в структуре доходов организации, выявить противоречия, которые возникали внутри Общества в их отношении. Источниками для исследования послужили отчетные документы Общества, материалы съездов, корпоративной газеты «Книжное обозрение», письма книголюбов правлению ВОК. Сделан вывод, что руководство организации и рядовые участники относились к уплате ежегодного сбора с разной прагматикой. Чиновникам от книголюбов требовались деньги для функционирования структуры, поэтому они стремились увеличить количество коллективных и индивидуальных членов Общества и взносов от них. Изначально приток денег в организацию обеспечивали коллективные участники. Позднее их доля в общем бюджете снижалась с ростом поступлений от простых книголюбов. Популярность чтения и книжный голод привели к тому, что организация стала рассматриваться рядовыми участниками как способ получения книг: они напрямую связывали уплату взносов с возможностью получить дефицитные издания. Отсутствие официальных гарантий на подписки и книги вызывало возмущение любителей книги, которые добросовестно отдавали платежи в пользу ВОК. Дополнительным поводом к недовольству был размер взноса, который был больше, чем в других обществах. В этих условиях смысл существования организации и сам формат массовой организации подвергались сомнению. Неоднозначное восприятие гражданами инициативы государства в сфере чтения помогает уточнить отношения общества и власти в поздний советский период. ; This article considers the financial side and specifically the phenomenon of membership fees in the history of a mass voluntary organisation of the late Soviet period, i.e. the All- Union Society of Book Lovers. The purpose of the article is to examine the role of fees in the structure of the organisation's income and identify contradictions that arose within the Society in their relation. The article refers to the company's accounting documents, materials of congresses, the corporate newspaper Knizhnoe Obozrenie, and letters of book lovers to the leadership of the society. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the management of the organisation and ordinary participants treated the annual fee with different pragmatics. Officials needed money for the structure, so they sought to increase the number of collective and individual members of the Society and fees from them. Initially, collective participants provided the flow of money to the organisation. Later, their share in the total budget decreased with the growth of contributions from ordinary book lovers. The popularity of reading and book hunger caused the new organisation to be seen by its members as a means to get books: they directly connected membership fees with the opportunity to get books that were in deficit. The lack of official guarantees for books and subscriptions caused outrage among book lovers who meticulously paid their fees and could lead to their refusal to pay to the Society. In a situation like this, the existence of the organisation and the format of the mass organisation were doubted. The ambiguous perception of the state initiative in the field of reading on the part of citizens helps examine the relations of society and government in the late Soviet period in a more detailed way. ; Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 20-49-590004 «Добровольные общества и низовые историко-культурные инициативы: трансформации позднесоветских социальных институтов и форм активности во второй половине 1980-х — 1990-е годы (региональный аспект)». ; The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant project 20-49-590004 "Mass Voluntary Societies and Grassroots Historical and Cultural Initiatives: Transformations of Late Soviet Social Institutions and Forms of Activity in the Second Half of the 1980s–1990s (Regional Aspect)".

The article focuses on the analysis of the relations of power and society in the USSR in the 1970s and 1980s, the history of mass voluntary organizations of the late socialism, and the studies of Soviet cultural diplomacy. The process of formation of the international activity of the All-Union Society of Book Lovers (1974–1992) is in the focus of the study. Reports on the reception and dispatch of delegations, plans for foreign partnerships, and responses to requests to Soviet ambassadors in the Eastern Bloc states became sources for the article. Collaboration with foreign organizations – associations of readers, clubs of subscribers at publishing houses, communities of bibliophiles, etc. – began with a detailed consideration of their activities. The international activity of the Society of Book Lovers included the reception of high-ranking foreign guests, sending Soviet groups to socialist countries, and participation in important events in the sphere of reading, such as international exhibitions, national weeks of books, etc. International relations were a way for the leadership of the Society of Book Lovers to present Soviet culture, a basis for comparing the principles of functioning of associations of readers, and sources for determining the position of a new mass organization within the USSR. The experience of some of the partners was marked as unsuitable for the Society of Soviet Book Lovers, as it was associated with stimulating consumption. Against this background, the book shortage was presented as a feature of the Soviet reading culture. As ambassadors of the megastructure, representatives of the Society of Book Lovers noticed any manifestations of disunity, at the same time building close relations with large centralized associations, for example, the Cultural Association of the GDR.