Suchergebnisse

A agricultura enfrenta inúmeros problemas bióticos e abióticos que afetam a produtividade agrícola, destacando-se a escassez de água como um dos mais prejudiciais. Os bioprotetores são reguladores vegetais que auxiliam as plantas a diminuírem os impactos proporcionados pelos estresses bióticos e abióticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os efeitos dos bioprotetores na mitigação do déficit hídrico em plantas de girassol e milho. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Unidade de Ipameri. Em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 (culturas: girassol e milho e quatro tratamentos de aplicação de bioprotetores: Ct, St, Br, Hz e testemunha. Aos 20, 35 e 42 dias após a emergência as plantas receberam a aplicação de bioprotetores. Aos 50 DAE realizou as avaliações de altura de planta, número de folhas, área foliar, razão de massa foliar, caulinar e radicular, biomassa total, clorofila a, b e total e transpiração. Os bioestimulantes não mitigaram o déficit hídrico em plantas de milho e girassol nas condições de aplicação dessas substâncias durante o período de estresse, no entanto, trabalhos posteriores são necessários no sentido de aplicação dos bioestimulantes antes da imposição do déficit hídrico.

O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o efeito do regulador vegetal brassinosteroide no desempenho agronômico de plantas de sorgo granífero. O trabalho foi conduzido na safrinha de 2019 e 2021 em plantio comercial de sorgo (1G100) no município de Ipameri, Goiás. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis concentrações do regulador vegetal brassinosteroide (0,000; 0,025; 0,050; 0,075; 0,100 e 0,125 mg L-1), aplicado nos estádios fenológicos 2 (planta com cinco folhas) e 5 (emborrachamento). As plantas de sorgo direcionaram os assimilados produzidos pela fotossíntese, em maior quantidade para o sistema radicular em detrimento da parte aérea. A maior capacidade de absorção da solução do solo pôde proporcionar a planta recursos para atingir seu máximo potencial produtivo. Em condições normais de precipitação na safrinha (em torno de 128 mm), a aplicação exógena do brassinosteroide atenua os efeitos deletérios dos estresses abióticos e consequentemente, gera maiores produtividades. A maior produtividade de grãos de sorgo do híbrido 1G100, foi obtida na concentração de 0,056 ml L-1, sendo, portanto, recomendada nas devidas condições de precipitação.

14 pages, 8 figures, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03777-9.-- Data availability: The Supplementary tables and figures can be found under the https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14987001 in the public repository Figshare. To further facilitate exploration and viewing of Cehalopods Global Trade Networks by users from outside the academy or with basic technical knowledge, we have launched a fully operational web application at https://aospina.shinyapps.io/CGTN_app/.-- Correction: A network analysis of global cephalopod trade. Scientific Reports 12: 2329 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06289-2 ; The global trade in cephalopods is a multi-billion dollar business involving the fishing and production of more than ten commercially valuable species. It also contributes, in whole or in part, to the subsistence and economic livelihoods of thousands of coastal communities around the world. The importance of cephalopods as a major cultural, social, economic, and ecological resource has been widely recognised, but research efforts to describe the extent and scope of the global cephalopod trade are limited. So far, there are no specific regulatory and monitoring systems in place to analyse the traceability of the global trade in cephalopods at the international level. To understand who are the main global players in cephalopod seafood markets, this paper provides, for the first time, a global overview of the legal trade in cephalopods. Twenty years of records compiled in the UN COMTRADE database were analysed. The database contained 115,108 records for squid and cuttlefish and 71,659 records for octopus, including commodity flows between traders (territories or countries) weighted by monetary value (USD) and volume (kg). A theoretical network analysis was used to identify the emergent properties of this large trade network by analysing centrality measures that revealed key insights into the role of traders. The results illustrate that three countries (China, Spain, and Japan) led the majority of global market movements between 2000 and 2019. Based on volume and value, as well as the number of transactions, 11 groups of traders were identified. The leading cluster consisted of only eight traders, who dominated the cephalopod market in Asia (China, India, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam), Europe (the Netherlands, and Spain), and the USA. This paper identifies the countries and territories that acted as major importers or exporters, the best-connected traders, the hubs or accumulators, the modulators, the main flow routes, and the weak points of the global cephalopod trade network over the last 20 years. This knowledge of the network is crucial to move towards an environmentally sustainable, transparent, and food-secure global cephalopod trade ; AO was supported by H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (746361) and Contract financed through the call for postdoctoral fellowships of the Government of the Balearic Islands, program "Vicenç Mut" 2020. SV, GA, PP, CP and FLM knowledge the financial support from the INTERREG Cephs and Chefs Project (EAPA 282/2016), and Xunta de Galicia Grupos de Referencia Competitiva (under Grant ED431C2019/11). PP was supported by Xunta de Galicia (RECREGES II project under Grant ED481B2018/017). CP acknowledges FCT for the research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. CP and FLM would also like to acknowledge FCT/MCTES national funds for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB50017/2020) ; With the institutional support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) ; Peer reviewed

ICES Annual Science Conference, 9-12 September 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Diversification of fisheries is strategic for the European Union. Adding value to underexploited and non-quota seafood species, such as cephalopods, represents an alternative source of income in fisheries, especially when commercial species show signs of unsustainable over-exploitation. Although cephalopods are fished in significant quantities across the Atlantic, challenges such as poor species identification and lack of stock assessment may preclude achievement of their potential as an alternative source of sustainable catches. While there is little or no market interest in much of northern Europe, the shortfinned squid (Illex coindetii, Todaropsis eblanae, Todarodes sagitattus, family Ommastrephidae) are a relatively important fishing resource in the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula, particularly along the north Spanish coast. However, the current understanding of their life cycles and stock status is limited. The present study aims to describe interannual and seasonal patterns in ommastrephid species landings, considering the varying proportions of the various species landed over time in the Iberian Peninsula, including information from Portugal and Spain. Biological characteristics (length, weight, sex and maturity distribution) are also described based on DCF sampling. Finally, we discuss possible management measures for ommastrephid fishing, e.g. should fishing be restricted to certain seasons or areas, to help decision makers to define science-informed management and conservation strategies ; Peer reviewed

The present study aimed to identify through a range of morphophysiological aspects the effect of water availability in the establishment and growth of Helianthus annuus plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the State University of Goiás, Ipameri. It was set up in completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 200% and 400% of evapotranspiration) and six replications of BRS 323 cultivar in 15 liters pots with 12 kg of substrate containing soil, sand and manure in 3:1:1 proportion respectively. The treatments were established 18 days after the seedling emergence and the analysis were performed on 25nd day. Thus, the H. annuus plants tolerate drought due to the high stomatal sensitivity wich limits the loss of water to the atmosphere and by the increase of root system depth. Also, it stands out that H. annuus plants did not show stress symptoms in the excesso of water, because the high transpiration rate removed to atmosphere the amount of excess of water from irrigation.

The present work aims at analyzing aspects of Integrated Coastal Zone Management regarding Federal States in the Northeast Region of Brazil from the Economy, Law and Sustainability perspectives. In the context of opinionated analysis, the methodology herein adopted, included the qualitative collection of bibliographic and documental records on a determined set of issues involving coastal management. From this study, it was possible to identify economic activities, directly and indirectly related to Blue Economy, which express the relevance of the sector in the studied Region as well as the existence of an environmental legal framework also relevant to coastal and marine planning and management. However, this legal framework lacks a broad democratic participation, mostly, the participation of traditional communities in the decision making processes with regards to planning the coastal zone sustainable use and occupation. Keywords: coastal zone, coastal management, socio-environmental planning, blue economy, law of the sea. ; O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar os aspectos da gestão integrada da zona costeira nos estados que envolvem a região do Nordeste brasileiro, a partir das perspectivas do Direito, da Economia e Sustentabilidade. Sob o contexto da análise opinativa, a metodologia adotada envolveu levantamento qualitativo de fontes bibliográficas e documentais acerca das temáticas que envolvem o gerenciamento costeiro. A partir deste estudo, foi possível notar a presença de atividades econômicas, direta e indiretamente relacionadas à economia do mar, que expressam a relevância do setor na região em estudo, além da existência de um arcabouço jurídico ambiental relevante no campo do planejamento e da gestão marinho e costeiro, mas que carece de ampla participação democrática, sobretudo que envolvam as comunidades tradicionais, de modo que permita planejar o uso e a ocupação da zona costeira de forma sustentável. Palavras-chave: zona costeira, gerenciamento costeiro, planejamento socioambiental, economia do mar, direito do mar

The objective of the present study was to identify the effect of water availability on corn plant growth. The study was carried out in greenhouse covered with transparent plastic with Sombrite material sides that intercepted this 50% solar radiation located at the State University of Goiás, Brazil, South-East Campus Ipameri. Four corn seeds were planted in each polyethylene pot containing 8 kg substrate consisting of soil, sand and manure at the proportion of 3:1:1, respectively. A completely randomized design was used with six treatments and six replications. After emergence and initial development, the plants were irrigated with volumes of water corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 200% and 400% of the daily evapotranspiration at 23 days after emergence. At 31 days after emergence the following variables were analyzed: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, total biomass, root mass ratio, stem mass ratio, Leaf mass ratio, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, transpiration rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Water shortage and flooding inhibited growth in the corn plants and thus damaged the crop establishment, but at different intensities, because water shortage was much more restrictive to plant development than flooding. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the corn plants are isoydric because they anticipate water shortage through efficient stomata sensitivity that controls water loss by transpiration.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de variedades comerciais de soja lançadas para a safra 2022/2023, no município de Palmeiras de Goiás, Goiás. O ensaio experimental foi realizado em campo, conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com sete cultivares (B43, DM 69IX6912X, Olimpo, TMG 2279, FT 3165, STINE 77EA40 e M7601) e quatro repetições. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por cinco fileiras de 4 m e com espaçamento entre linhas de 0,5 m. A área do ensaio experimental foi de 16 x 38 m, totalizando 608 m². Para a avaliação do desempenho agronômico foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: porcentagem de emergência (PE), produtividade de grãos (PROD), número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de grãos por planta (NGP), peso de 100 grãos (P100), altura de plantas (ALT), área foliar (AF), concentrações foliares de clorofilas (Cl a+b) e carotenoides totais (CARAT). Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e a comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o software R. Os resultados da ANOVA apresentaram diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) entre as cultivares para as variáveis: PE, CLA, CLT, PROD, P100, NGP, ALT e AF. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a variável teor de clorofila B (CLB), CARAT e AF. As cultivares avaliadas possuíam descrições técnicas similares quanto à resistência e produtividade, entretanto, na safra 2022/2023, na cidade de Palmeiras de Goiás a cultivar FT 3165 apresentou uma maior produtividade, quando comparada as demais, demonstrando-se ser a mais adaptada nessa região. Embora, todas as cultivares avaliadas tenham apresentado uma produtividade abaixo da média nacional obtida para a safra 2022/2023, o que provavelmente está relacionado às condições climáticas, como o veranico ocorrido logo após o plantio.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos identificar os efeitos das palhadas de milho, sorgo, milheto e girassol no controle de plantas daninhas, bem como, avaliar a possibilidade de redução de aplicação de herbicida na safra. O experimento foi montado seguindo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (4x2) com quatro parcelas e duas subparcelas, sendo o tratamento principal alocado nas parcelas e constituído pelo plantio de sorgo granífero, milho comum, milheto e girassol na safrinha para formação de palhada e, nas subparcelas foram colocados os tratamentos secundários referentes ao controle pós-emergente de plantas daninhas utilizando herbicida. Foram cinco repetições constituídas de cinco parcelas de 0,25 m2 (50 cm x 50 cm). A palhada de sorgo exerce importante ação de supressão da germinação e desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas de folhas largas; enquanto a palhada de milheto reduz a incidência e desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas de folhas estreitas. As palhadas de girassol e milho apresentam importantes ações de redução da densidade de plantas daninhas e plantas daninhas totais, bem como, concorre para redução do acúmulo de massa seca das plantas daninhas, destaque para a palhada de girassol. O uso de herbicidas para controle de plantas daninhas em sistema de plantio direto apresenta maior eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas e pode representar importante alternativa de redução de uso de herbicida pela menor quantidade de aplicações, principalmente quando combinado com palhada de girassol.

Recent advances in technology have enabled an unprecedented development of underwater research, extending from near shore to the deepest regions of the globe. However, monitoring of biodiversity is not fully implemented in political agendas and biological observations in the deep ocean have been even more limited in space and time.The Foresight Workshop on Advances in Ocean Biological Observations: a sustained system for deep-ocean meroplankton was convened to to foster advances in the knowledge on deep-ocean invertebrate larval distributions and improve our understanding of fundamental deep-ocean ecological processes such as connectivity and resilience of benthic communities to natural and human-induced disturbance. This Meroplankton Observations Workshop had two specific goals: 1) review the state-of-the-art instrumentation available for meroplankton observations; 2) develop a strategy to implement technological innovations for in-situ meroplankton observation. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering: i) key challenges and priorities for advancing the knowledge of deep-sea larval diversity and distribution: ii) recent developments in technology and future needs for plankton observation, iii) data integration and oceanographic modelling; iv) synergies and added value of a sustained observation system for meroplankton; v) steps for developing a sustained observation system for deep-ocean meroplankton and plans to maximise collaborative opportunities.