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The Media's Role in Intelligence Democratization Florina Cristiana Matei Pages: 73-108 DOI:10.1080/08850607.2014.842806 ; The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842806 ; International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence Volume 27, Issue 1, 2014 ; In their path toward democratic consolidation, emerging democracies endeavor to ensure the democratic transfer of political power, bring changes in the legal framework, transform their executive, legislative, and judicial systems, boost free market economy, and develop robust and functional civil societies. They also institutionalize democratic civil–military relations (CMR) by establishing new security institutions—military, police, and intelligence agencies—that are under democratic civilian control

In their path toward democratic consolidation, emerging democracies endeavor to ensure the democratic transfer of political power, bring changes in the legal framework, transform their executive, legislative, and judicial systems, boost free market economy, and develop robust and functional civil societies. The contribution of external factors, such as media, civil society, international groups, and individuals involved in human rights, may also be instrumental in achieving a balance between control and effectiveness of intelligence. Adapted from the source document.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842806 ; In their path toward democratic consolidation, emerging democracies endeavor to ensure the democratic transfer of political power, bring changes in the legal framework, transform their executive, legislative, and judicial systems, boost free market economy, and develop robust and functional civil societies. They also institutionalize democratic civil–military relations (CMR) by establishing new security institutions—military, police, and intelligence agencies—that are under democratic civilian control, effective, and efficient. Of these many tasks, the democratization of intelligence agencies is by far the most daunting, as effectiveness and efficiency involve secrecy, while democratic control implies transparency, openness, and accountability. Nevertheless, democratic reform of intelligence in new democracies, though difficult, is not impossible, if and when civilians are interested and willing to ''invest'' in intelligence and intelligence reform. The contribution of external factors, such as media, civil society, international groups, and individuals involved in human rights, may also be instrumental in achieving a balance between control and effectiveness of intelligence.

Provides a detailed account of the democratization & professionalization of Romania's intelligence services as Romania's broader democratic transformation & consolidation & shifts in the security environment allowed the services to transition away from a dictatorial instrument to an effective community. After identifying the components of the new intelligence system devised in the 1990s, transition challenges & oversight & accountability issues & mechanisms are discussed. Attention is also given to the relationship between the intelligence services & civil society, the Council for Studying Securitate Archives, the role of the Ombudsman & the European Court of Human Rights, personnel & career development, the influence of Romanian NATO/EU membership on intelligence reform & effectiveness, the impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on intelligence reform & effectiveness, & interagency cooperation. It is concluded that Romanian intelligence services transformation has been slow but positive. D. Edelman