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Part I: Preliminary preparations -- Crime scene investigation -- Initial on-scene procedures -- Part II: Making a scene relevant-documentation -- Notes and videography -- Crime scene photography -- Crime scene sketching and measurement -- Searcing for evidence -- Collection and preservation of physical evidence -- Part III: Concluding processes -- Reconstruction activities -- Emerging technologies -- Concluding thoughts.

Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Part I. Preliminary Preparations -- Chapter 1. Crime Scene Investigations -- Types of Physical Evidence and Crime Scenes -- Use of Physical Evidence Found at the Crime Scene -- Locard's Exchange Principle -- General Processes and Procedures at the Crime Scene -- Legal Concerns for the Crime Scene Investigator -- Discussion Questions -- Chapter 2. Initial On-Scene Procedures -- First Responders at the Crime Scene -- Crime Scene Security -- Preliminary Scene Survey -- Discussion Questions -- Part II. Making a Scene Relevant-Documentation -- Chapter 3. Notes and Videography -- Documentation at the Crime Scene -- Note-taking at the Crime Scene -- Videography at the Crime Scene -- Discussion Questions -- Chapter 4. Crime Scene Photography -- Purpose -- Process: Equipment -- Process: General to Specific Photographs -- Process: EMS Personnel in Crime Scene -- Process: Surroundings, Roads, and Structures -- Process: Photographing Vehicles and Conditions -- Process: Points of Access -- Process: Aerial Photography of Crime Scenes -- Process: Photography of Interior Crime Scenes -- Process: Close-Up and Examination Quality Photographs of Evidence -- Process: Additional Photographs of Marked Evidence -- Process: Evidence Markers and Different Situations -- Process: Documentation within the Documentation of Close-Up and Examination (Evidence) Quality Photographs -- Process: The Photo Log and Digital Image Formats -- Process: Lighting -- Process: Photographing the Use of Alternate Light Sources -- Photographic Documentation of a Crime Scene-Rules to Follow -- Types of Photographs by the Type of Crime -- Discussion Questions -- Chapter 5. Crime Scene Sketching and Measurement -- Purpose and Method -- Challenges and Barriers -- Crime Scene Drawings

Front Cover -- How to Use -- The Crime Scene A Visual Guide -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- PURPOSE FOR TEXTBOOK -- TEXTBOOK ORGANIZATION -- USERS -- I - Preliminary Preparations -- 1 - Crime Scene Investigations -- Learning Objectives -- TYPES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE AND CRIME SCENES -- USE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOUND AT THE CRIME SCENE -- LOCARD EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE -- GENERAL PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES AT THE CRIME SCENE -- Scientific Crime Scene Investigation -- LEGAL CONCERNS FOR THE CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- Example Mincey Warrant Template -- 2 - Initial On-Scene Procedures -- Learning Objectives -- FIRST RESPONDERS AT THE CRIME SCENE -- CRIME SCENE SECURITY -- PRELIMINARY SCENE SURVEY -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- II - Making a Scene Relevant-Documentation -- 3 - Notes and Videography -- Learning Objectives -- DOCUMENTATION AT THE CRIME SCENE -- NOTE TAKING AT THE CRIME SCENE -- VIDEOGRAPHY AT THE CRIME SCENE -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- 4 - Crime Scene Photography -- Learning Objectives -- PURPOSE -- PROCESS: EQUIPMENT -- PROCESS: GENERAL TO SPECIFIC PHOTOGRAPHS -- PROCESS: EMS PERSONNEL IN CRIME SCENE -- PROCESS: SURROUNDINGS, ROADS, AND STRUCTURES -- PROCESS: PHOTOGRAPHING VEHICLES AND CONDITIONS -- PROCESS: POINTS OF ACCESS -- PROCESS: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY OF CRIME SCENES -- PROCESS: PHOTOGRAPHY OF INTERIOR CRIME SCENES -- PROCESS: CLOSE-UP AND EXAMINATION QUALITY PHOTOGRAPHS OF EVIDENCE -- PROCESS: ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF MARKED EVIDENCE -- PROCESS: EVIDENCE MARKERS AND DIFFERENT SITUATIONS -- PROCESS: DOCUMENTATION WITHIN THE DOCUMENTATION OF CLOSE-UP AND EXAMINATION (EVIDENCE) QUALITY PHOTOGRAPHS -- PROCESS: THE PHOTO LOG AND DIGITAL IMAGE FORMATS -- PROCESS: LIGHTING -- PROCESS: PHOTOGRAPHING THE USE OF ALTERNATE LIGHT SOURCES.

2 -- Initial On-Scene ProceduresLearning Objectives; FIRST RESPONDERS AT THE CRIME SCENE; CRIME SCENE SECURITY; PRELIMINARY SCENE SURVEY; DISCUSSION QUESTIONS; II -- Making a Scene Relevant-Documentation; 3 -- Notes and Videography; Learning Objectives; DOCUMENTATION AT THE CRIME SCENE; NOTE TAKING AT THE CRIME SCENE; VIDEOGRAPHY AT THE CRIME SCENE; DISCUSSION QUESTIONS; 4 -- Crime Scene Photography; Learning Objectives; PURPOSE; PROCESS: EQUIPMENT; PROCESS: GENERAL TO SPECIFIC PHOTOGRAPHS; PROCESS: EMS PERSONNEL IN CRIME SCENE; PROCESS: SURROUNDINGS, ROADS, AND STRUCTURES.

Background: The setting for this analysis is the low tuberculosis (TB) incidence state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Local level analysis of TB epidemiology in people from high incidence countries-of-birth (HIC) in a low incidence setting has not been conducted in Australia and has not been widely reported. Local level analysis could inform measures such as active case finding and targeted earlier diagnosis. The aim of this study was to use a novel approach to identify local areas in an Australian state that have higher TB rates given the local areas' country of birth profiles. Methods: TB notification data for the three year period 2006–2008 were analysed by grouping the population into those from a high-incidence country-of-birth and the remainder. Results: During the study period there were 1401 notified TB cases in the state of NSW. Of these TB cases 76.5% were born in a high-incidence country. The annualised TB notification rate for the high-incidence country-of-birth group was 61.2/100,000 population and for the remainder of the population was 1.8/100,000. Of the 152 Local Government Areas (LGA) in NSW, nine had higher and four had lower TB notification rates in their high-incidence country-of-birth populations when compared with the high-incidence country-of-birth population for the rest of NSW. The nine areas had a higher proportion of the population with a country of birth where TB notification rates are >100/100,000. Those notified with TB in the nine areas also had a shorter length of stay in Australia than the rest of the state. The areas with higher TB notification rates were all in the capital city, Sydney. Among LGAs with higher TB notification rates, four had higher rates in both people with a high-incidence country of birth and people not born in a high-incidence country. The age distribution of the HIC population was similar across all areas, and the highest differential in TB rates across areas was in the 5–19 years age group. Conclusions: Analysing local area TB rates and possible ...

A crucial objective of the Australian Government's Closing the Gap program is to improve Aboriginal health, and to achieve morbidity and mortality rates similar to those for non-Indigenous Australians. Reducing public health risks due to drinking water of unknown quality will help to close the gap. Factors such as hardness, taste, colour and odour of water may influence perceptions of risk and quality. Increased contact and familiarity with a hazard is associated with individuals becoming desensitised and habituated to its presence, so that their risk judgements may reflect their behavioural experiences. Consumption of water of unknown quality, such as rainwater, instead of treated town water in Australian Aboriginal communities may be a community norm, a part of a community's culture or a result of lack of trust in government water suppliers. Partnerships between service providers and communities can ensure that the service is responsive to community needs, is conducted in a culturally appropriate manner and is beneficial to the community. Governance of drinking water in Aboriginal communities cannot be comprehensive without active engagement of the communities involved, and greater understanding of cultural issues, perceptions and behaviours towards drinking water quality. This Perspective article reviews the literature to shed light on the need to consider New South Wales (NSW) Aboriginal perceptions about drinking water and its acceptability. We urge more dialogue and research, and a policy focus that includes partnerships with discrete NSW Aboriginal communities to develop a deeper understanding of perceptions of drinking water and encourage consumption of safe water.

This study explored the Walhallow Aboriginal community's experiences with drinking water to gain a shared understanding about community concerns and to develop ways to address these concerns together. There is a strong connection between people and water, as well as a need to appreciate the social factors associated with the unique cultural and socioeconomic factors that the provision of drinking water has for Aboriginal communities. We used a mixed method design within a community-based participatory action Research (PAR) framework. Water hardness and parental influence were the key factors associated with participants' decisions to drink rainwater. This study provides important insights for water supply authorities when assessing health risks and when choosing appropriate mitigation measures for water quality improvement programs in Aboriginal communities.