Suchergebnisse

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a vital role in our country's response to biological agents that threaten public health and safety. On December 31, 2019, officials in Wuhan, China confirmed dozens of cases of pneumonia caused by an unknown pathogen. Chinese officials later identified that pathogen as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2), which causes the disease COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a perfect storm for unprecedented and litigation-provoking health harms in the United States. As the country's death toll rises and states seek to reopen, many Americans are assessing their COVID- 19-related health status based on the results of diagnostic and antibody tests, which have been cleared through the FDA's emergency use authorization scheme notwithstanding their concerning inaccuracy rates. This paper argues that the unacceptably high inaccuracy rates of these COVID-19 tests are a direct result of lax FDA regulation and oversight under current federal law. The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2005 (PREP Act) established a framework that extends blanket immunity from liability to the manufacturers of medical products, including blood assays and serology tests, that are used to diagnose and treat COVID-19. The breadth and scope of the statute's immunity make it nearly impossible for an injured plaintiff to recover from injuries sustained from their use of or reliance on diagnostic tests. This paper details and critiques PREP Act immunity and proposes several PREP Act reforms aimed at enhancing public health and safety during an infectious disease pandemic. As special interest groups ramp pressure of the federal and state legislatures to enact additional immunity protection as the states reopen, the quality of COVID-19 related care and treatment is likely to continue to worsen unless and until the country implements reforms that authorize meaningful medical device regulation and oversight.

Los pequeños productores de leche de la provincia de Ubaté actualmente enfrentan diversos problemas de inseguridad alimentaria, dados por los factores potenciales de fracaso e imperfecciones del mercado, el bajo poder de negociación, la naturaleza y objetivos de las estructuras organizativas que han conformado, el alto costo de los insumos agrícolas, y las dificultades para acceder a asistencia técnica y programas que generen capacidades para la identificación de alternativas de diversificación productiva. El presente estudio busco identificar elementos que contribuyan a mejorar la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria de los pequeños productores de leche de la provincia de Ubaté a través de un método cualitativo-descriptivo, que se basó en revisión de fuentes secundarias, entrevistas, grupos focales y determinación de evidencia empírica, así mismo, se recopilaron experiencias de desarrollo rural de Corea del Sur a través del programa Kapex Academy 2017. Para el análisis se construyeron cuatro categorías principales: producción, procesamiento, comercialización de la leche y políticas públicas. Se realizó la triangulación de los hallazgos para ampliar el debate académico de revalorización de la agricultura campesina y la construcción de recomendaciones desde el enfoque de la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria para la producción de leche en este territorio. El punto de llegada de análisis fue obtener una serie de recomendaciones principalmente en los factores de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional: Disponibilidad y Acceso, para tener mayor relación con el modelo alimentario, en el que se hace una aproximación a los conceptos de cadena de valor, diversificación productiva, ambiente y alternativas de mercadeo, como dinamizadores o punto de inicio para fortalecer los demás factores y dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. ; Abstract: The small milk producers of the province of Ubaté currently face various problems of food insecurity, given the potential factors of failure and market imperfections, the low bargaining power, the nature and objectives of the organizational structures they have formed, the high cost of agricultural inputs; and difficulties in accessing technical assistance and programs that generate capacities for the identification of productive diversification alternatives. The present study sought to identify elements that contribute to improve food security and sovereignty of small milk producers in the province of Ubaté through a qualitative-descriptive method, which was based on review of secondary sources, interviews, focus groups and determination of empirical evidence, likewise, experiences of rural development of South Korea were collected through the Kapex Academy 2017 program. For the analysis, four main categories were built: production, processing, marketing of milk and public policies. The triangulation of the findings was carried out to broaden the academic debate on the revaluation of peasant agriculture and the construction of recommendations from the food security and sovereignty approach for milk production in this territory. The point of arrival of analysis was to obtain a series of recommendations mainly in the Food and Nutritional Security factors: Availability and Access, to have a greater relationship with the food model, in which an approximation to the value chain concepts is made , productive diversification, environment and marketing alternatives, as dynamisers or starting point to strengthen the other factors and dimensions of food and nutrition security. It was found that small milk producers in the province of Ubaté need to diversify their production through the multifunctionality of production systems as a technological innovation proposal to reduce the high dependence on the dairy processing link, it is necessary to advance in education programs , extension and generation of capacities, promotion and strengthening of the cooperative culture, strengthening and promotion of short marketing channels, together with the necessary actions from public policy that represent the interests of small milk producers in the territory. ; Maestría

http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php?id=3318 ; National audience ; Sur la base d'un corpus de plus de 2000 articles de la presse française relatant l'affaire du Médiator, nous appliquons les méthodes de la statistique textuelle afin d'étudier les tendances d'emploi du vocabulaire, les thèmes privilégiés et les stratégies discursives mises en place au fil de la couverture journalistique de l'affaire. Objective et exhaustive, la lexicométrie étudie les fréquences d'emploi des mots pour déterminer la variabilité du discours en distinguant les articles de commentaire et les textes factuels, en opposant les avis scientifiques aux opinions politiques et interprétations journalistiques. En particulier, l'analyse des cooccurrences identifie les ancres conceptuelles du corpus et une représentation des textes dans un nuage arboré permet de visualiser les réseaux de mots qui structurent la narration.

http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php?id=3318 ; National audience ; Sur la base d'un corpus de plus de 2000 articles de la presse française relatant l'affaire du Médiator, nous appliquons les méthodes de la statistique textuelle afin d'étudier les tendances d'emploi du vocabulaire, les thèmes privilégiés et les stratégies discursives mises en place au fil de la couverture journalistique de l'affaire. Objective et exhaustive, la lexicométrie étudie les fréquences d'emploi des mots pour déterminer la variabilité du discours en distinguant les articles de commentaire et les textes factuels, en opposant les avis scientifiques aux opinions politiques et interprétations journalistiques. En particulier, l'analyse des cooccurrences identifie les ancres conceptuelles du corpus et une représentation des textes dans un nuage arboré permet de visualiser les réseaux de mots qui structurent la narration.

http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php?id=3318 ; National audience ; Sur la base d'un corpus de plus de 2000 articles de la presse française relatant l'affaire du Médiator, nous appliquons les méthodes de la statistique textuelle afin d'étudier les tendances d'emploi du vocabulaire, les thèmes privilégiés et les stratégies discursives mises en place au fil de la couverture journalistique de l'affaire. Objective et exhaustive, la lexicométrie étudie les fréquences d'emploi des mots pour déterminer la variabilité du discours en distinguant les articles de commentaire et les textes factuels, en opposant les avis scientifiques aux opinions politiques et interprétations journalistiques. En particulier, l'analyse des cooccurrences identifie les ancres conceptuelles du corpus et une représentation des textes dans un nuage arboré permet de visualiser les réseaux de mots qui structurent la narration.