Suchergebnisse

National benchmarks are a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring energy consumption in existing building stocks worldwide, but can be time consuming and expensive to generate. I explore a low-cost alternative by coordinating building related data collected by municipalities in South Africa for billing and rates purposes, to create energy use intensities (EUI) for the existing building stock. For a sample of commercial buildings in Cape Town, I link electricity data supplied by the municipality billing department with gross floor area data from the municipality valuation (rates) department, to establish EUIs. From these I calculate benchmarks that represent typical annual electricity usage for retail and office buildings in Cape Town. In addition I identify a number of improvements to data quality and access that would enable South Africa to realise the current opportunities that exist in the structure of its building data collection. In doing so South Africa can potentially leapfrog many other countries in the development of performance-based benchmarks and rating tools for a range of building activities, positioning it at the forefront of building energy-data collection.

The South African Government has ambitious aspirations relating to energy efficiency in their commercial building stock, but no clear strategy for tackling existing buildings. This research redresses this by examining international approaches to the benchmarking process and applies these in the context of South Africa.

Following a change in UK legislation, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) model of statutory supervision for midwives ceased in 2017. In response, the Scottish Government (SG) and NHS Education for Scotland (NES) worked with the NHS Health Boards to develop a new employer-led model of clinical supervision. The aim of this new model is to help midwives provide improved services, safer care and improved outcomes for childbearing women and infants in keeping with professional regulation. The new Scottish Clinical Supervision Model is also designed to increase midwives personal wellbeing and help them deal with everyday challenges of clinical practice. This design of supervision is a radical departure from the prior NMC model, given that it incorporates facilitation and coaching methods which teach midwives to respond, reflect, and restore self, and through doing so reduce stress and increase resilience. In an attempt to improve nurturing leadership, the key components of this new model are underpinned by a person-centred approach, during which the supervisor provides unconditional positive regard and empathy towards the supervisee. Equipping midwives to develop contemporary supervision is supported by NES through online education that can be accessed at: https://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/education-and-training/by-theme-initiative/maternity-care/about-us/clinical-supervision.aspx

Midwifery continuity of carer (MCC) models result in better clinical outcomes for women and offer midwives a superior way of working when compared to other models of maternity care. Implementing a MCC model, a key recommendation of the Scottish Government Maternity and Neonatal Strategy Best Start, requires significant restructuring of maternity services and changes to midwives' roles. Careful evaluation is therefore required to monitor and understand how the policy affects care providers and users. Realist evaluation is an appropriate methodology for evaluating programmes of change set within complex social organisations, such as health services, and can help to understand variations in outcomes and experiences. This paper presents the approach taken using the principles of realist evaluation to identify key programme theories, which then informed an evaluation framework and a midwives' evaluation tool. The comprehensive survey-tool developed for midwives has the potential to be used more widely to evaluate comparable strategic change in this area.

Background: the NMSF (2009) survey reported that bereavement midwife care was inadequate in a numberof UK NHS Trusts. Using a small grant from the Scottish government, 3 experienced midwifery lecturers designed an interactive workbook called "shaping bereavement care for midwives in clinical practice" for the purpose of improving delivery of bereavement education to student midwives. An instrument called the understanding bereavement evaluation tool (UBET) was designed to measure effectiveness of the workbook at equipping students with essential knowledge.Aim: to assess validity and reliability of the UBET at measuring midwives' self-perceptions of knowledge surrounding delivery of bereavement care to childbearing women, partners and families who have experiencedchildbirth related bereavement.Method: an evaluative audit using the UBET was undertaken to explore student midwives' (n=179) self perceived knowledge levels before and after the workbook intervention. Validity tests have shown that theUBET, (6-item version), could be considered a psychometrically robust instrument for assessing students'knowledge gain. PCA identified that the UBET comprised two sub-scales (theoretical knowledge base — Q 1,2 & 3 and psychosocial elements of care delivery — Q 4, 5 & 6).Discussion: data has shown that the easy to administer and short 6-item UBET is a valid and reliable tool foreducators to measure success at delivering education using the "shaping bereavement care for midwives inclinical practice" work book.

Purpose: this paper aims to critically explore the consequences of how Scotland interprets the UK Misuse of Drugs Act (1971). Scotland prosecutes 24 per cent of people found in possession of illegal drugs for drug "dealing" compared to less than 15 per cent in England and Wales and less than 16 per cent in Northern Ireland.Design/methodology/approach: the paper provides a narrative review in the context of the background of the economic and social costs of illegal drugs in Scotland and compares this with the UK and Northern Ireland.Findings: the explanation for such a wide disparity in numbers of dealers between these countries proposed is that the Scottish police force is comparatively more successful at persuading courts that small quantities of drugs rather than for personal use are in fact for onward sale or supply to others.Practical implications: the police in Scotland have a network of specialist drug units in which officers make decisions in the absence of benchmarks against which to judge quantities of repossessed drugs. Taking this approach, a devolved Scotland's commitment to drug prohibition has resulted in some very curious differences in classifications of prosecutions compared to other countries.Originality/value: the paper explores the consequences of how Scotland deals with the use of illegal drugs and the economic and social costs.

BACKGROUND: Good quality midwifery care saves the lives of women and babies. Continuity of midwife carer (CMC), a key component of good quality midwifery care, results in better clinical outcomes, higher care satisfaction and enhanced caregiver experience. However, CMC uptake has tended to be small scale or transient. We used realist evaluation in one Scottish health board to explore implementation of CMC as part of the Scottish Government 2017 maternity plan. METHODS: Participatory research, quality improvement and iterative data collection methods were used to collect data from a range of sources including facilitated team meetings, local and national meetings, quality improvement and service evaluation surveys, audits, interviews and published literature. Data analysis developed context-mechanism-outcome configurations to explore and inform three initial programme theories, which were refined into an overarching theory of what works for whom and in what context. RESULTS: Trusting relationships across all organisational levels are the context in which CMC works. However, building these relationships during implementation requires good leadership and effective change management to drive whole system change and foster trust across all practice and organisational boundaries. Trusting relationships between midwives and women were valued and triggered a commitment to provide high quality care; CMC team relationships supported improvements in ways of working and sustained practice, and relationships between midwives and providers in different care models either sustained or constrained implementation. Continuity enabled midwives to work to full skillset and across women's care journey, which in turn changed their perspective of how they provided care and of women's care needs. In addition to building positive relationships, visible and supportive leadership encourages engagement by ensuring midwives feel safe, valued and informed. CONCLUSION: Leadership that builds trusting relationships across all practice and ...

BackgroundGood quality midwifery care saves the lives of women and babies. Continuity of midwife carer (CMC), a key component of good quality midwifery care, results in better clinical outcomes, higher care satisfaction and enhanced caregiver experience. However, CMC uptake has tended to be small scale or transient. We used realist evaluation in one Scottish health board to explore implementation of CMC as part of the Scottish Government 2017 maternity plan.MethodsParticipatory research, quality improvement and iterative data collection methods were used to collect data from a range of sources including facilitated team meetings, local and national meetings, quality improvement and service evaluation surveys, audits, interviews and published literature. Data analysis developed context-mechanism-outcome configurations to explore and inform three initial programme theories, which were refined into an overarching theory of what works for whom and in what context.ResultsTrusting relationships across all organisational levels are the context in which CMC works. However, building these relationships during implementation requires good leadership and effective change management to drive whole system change and foster trust across all practice and organisational boundaries. Trusting relationships between midwives and women were valued and triggered a commitment to provide high quality care; CMC team relationships supported improvements in ways of working and sustained practice, and relationships between midwives and providers in different care models either sustained or constrained implementation. Continuity enabled midwives to work to full skillset and across women's care journey, which in turn changed their perspective of how they provided care and of women's care needs. In addition to building positive relationships, visible and supportive leadership encourages engagement by ensuring midwives feel safe, valued and informed.ConclusionLeadership that builds trusting relationships across all practice and organisational ...

Avec le soutien du Comité pour la science ouverte (Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation) ; The guide on the opening of research data (or Open Data) is intended to support the employees of educational institutions and research organisations in adopting a reasonable approach to opening research data. It is the result of the study of an inter-organisation working group led by the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). It is not an exhaustive guide and is intended to for information purposes alone. It attempts to answer the most common questions such employees may be faced with such as whether it is a voluntary approach or is imposed by regulations and whether it corresponds with their institution's own objectives. The legal framework is cited if it exists. However, the readers are made aware that the legal landscape on this subject is continually shifting and that they need to refer their institution's Open Data policy. ; Le guide sur l'ouverture des données de recherche (ou Open Data) a pour vocation d'accompagner les agents des établissements concernés (établissements d'enseignement et organismes de recherche) dans une démarche d'ouverture raisonnée des données de recherche. Il est issu des réflexions d'un groupe de travail inter-organismes animé par l'INRA. Il ne prétend pas à l'exhaustivité ; il est fourni uniquement à titre d'information. Il tente de répondre aux questions les plus courantes auxquelles ils pourront être confrontés que cette démarche soit volontaire et réponde aux objectifs de l'établissement ou qu'elle soit imposée par la réglementation. Le cadre légal est cité, lorsqu'il existe. L'attention du lecteur est toutefois attirée sur le paysage très mouvant du droit sur ce sujet et sur la nécessité de se référer à la politique de son établissement en matière d'Open Data.

Avec le soutien du Comité pour la science ouverte (Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation) ; The guide on the opening of research data (or Open Data) is intended to support the employees of educational institutions and research organisations in adopting a reasonable approach to opening research data. It is the result of the study of an inter-organisation working group led by the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). It is not an exhaustive guide and is intended to for information purposes alone. It attempts to answer the most common questions such employees may be faced with such as whether it is a voluntary approach or is imposed by regulations and whether it corresponds with their institution's own objectives. The legal framework is cited if it exists. However, the readers are made aware that the legal landscape on this subject is continually shifting and that they need to refer their institution's Open Data policy. ; Le guide sur l'ouverture des données de recherche (ou Open Data) a pour vocation d'accompagner les agents des établissements concernés (établissements d'enseignement et organismes de recherche) dans une démarche d'ouverture raisonnée des données de recherche. Il est issu des réflexions d'un groupe de travail inter-organismes animé par l'INRA. Il ne prétend pas à l'exhaustivité ; il est fourni uniquement à titre d'information. Il tente de répondre aux questions les plus courantes auxquelles ils pourront être confrontés que cette démarche soit volontaire et réponde aux objectifs de l'établissement ou qu'elle soit imposée par la réglementation. Le cadre légal est cité, lorsqu'il existe. L'attention du lecteur est toutefois attirée sur le paysage très mouvant du droit sur ce sujet et sur la nécessité de se référer à la politique de son établissement en matière d'Open Data.