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Spain pioneered policies related to disability and accessibility, especially in the physical environment. The first major piece of legislation was Act 13/1982 on the Social Integration of People with Disabilities. The law was published just a few years after the reinstitution of democracy in Spain in 1977 and the approval of the Spanish Constitution in 1978. Act 13/1982 is a general law that applies accessibility to social services and education, as well as to workplace and physical accessibility. This law targeted first and foremost the social integration of people with disabilities, and it was a significant success, especially in the field of employment, as it made it mandatory for private companies and public administrations to employ a certain percentage of persons with disabilities. This greatly increased the employability of people with disabilities, as highlighted in a document celebrating 30 years of Act 13/1982. Over the past 20 years, policy makers have also focused on accessibility to information and communication technologies (ICT), developing first the national computing accessibility standards and then specialized legislation. Initially, Spanish activities were mostly national but have now gained an international dimension. All these initiatives are strongly related to the discipline of human-computer interaction, as the key component of an accessible system is its user interface.

Dentro de los instrumentos que posee la sociedad para lograrla inclusión de todas las personas destacan la legislación y las normas técnicas. En este capítulo se recopilan actividades legislativas y de normalizaciones, tanto internacionales como nacionales para promover una sociedad de la información inclusiva para todos. Dentro de las acciones legislativas destacan la sección 508 del Acta de Rehabilitación de Estados Unidos, los planes eEuropa de la Unión Europea y las leyes españolas de Servicios de la Sociedad de la Información y de Comercio Electrónico, y de Igualdad de Oportunidades, No Discriminación y Accesibilidad Universal de las Personas con. Discapacidad. En cuanto a las actividades de normalización técnica, destacan las normas internacionales de accesibilidad al software de ISO y de accesibilidad web del Consorcio de la Web, así como las normas españolas de accesibilidad en informática: hardware, software y contenidos web.

Web accessibility for people with disabilities is a highly visible area of work in the field of ICT accessibility, including many policy activities in several countries. The commonly accepted guidelines for web accessibility (WCAG 1.0) were published in 1999 and have been extensively used by designers, evaluators and legislators. A new version of these guidelines (WCAG 2.0) was published in 2008. In this paper we point out the main challenges that WCAG 2.0 raises for web accessibility evaluators: the concept of "accessibility supported technologies"; success criteria testability; technique and failure openness, and the aggregation of partial results. We conclude the paper with some recommendations for the future.

Web accessibility for people with disabilities is a highly visible area of research in the field of ICT accessibility, including many policy activities across many countries. The commonly accepted guidelines for web accessibility (WCAG 1.0) were published in 1999 and have been extensively used by designers, evaluators and legislators. W3C-WAI published a new version of these guidelines (WCAG 2.0) in December 2008. One of the main goals of WCAG 2.0 was testability, that is, WCAG 2.0 should be either machine testable or reliably human testable. In this paper we present an educational experiment performed during an intensive web accessibility course. The goal of the experiment was to assess the testability of the 25 level-A success criteria of WCAG 2.0 by beginners. To do this, the students had to manually evaluate the accessibility of the same web page. The result was that only eight success criteria could be considered to be reliably human testable when evaluators were beginners. We also compare our experiment with a similar study published recently. Our work is not a conclusive experiment, but it does suggest some parts of WCAG 2.0 to which special attention should be paid when training accessibility evaluators