Suchergebnisse

Introduction / Félix E. Martín and Pablo Toral -- Spanish direct investment in Latin America, 1960-2002 / Juan José Durán -- The advantage of Spanish firms in Latin America, 1990-2002 / Pablo Toral -- The transformation of the Spanish economy and FDI in Latin America. Towards a new theoretical framework / Sebastián Royo -- Spanish foreign policy in Latin America / Javier Maestro -- The foreign conquest of Latin American banking: -- What's happening and why? / James R. Barth, Triphon Phumiwasana and Glenn Yago -- Big Spanish banks in Brazil: anything different in their asset and credit allocation? / Harry M. Makler and Walter L. Ness, Jr -- Spanish banks in Latin America: do they need each other? / Álvaro Calderón -- Spanish telecoms in Latin America: Telefónica / Fernando Gallardo -- Stakeholder impact of Telefónica's Latin American investments / Michael Periu -- The prospects of Spanish investment in the Latin American energy sector: will the reconquest unravel? -- Gustavo de las Casas -- Challenges for Spanish investments in the Latin American energy industry / Carlos Seiglie -- The socio-political dimension of Spanish direct investment in Latin America / Félix E. Martín -- The Latin American image of Spain in the aftermath of recent investments /Joaquín Roy -- Conclusions: challenges and opportunities of foreign investments in Latin America / Maria-Angels Oliva and Luis A. Rivera-Batiz

AbstractDebates on allies' contributions to alliances focus mainly on the material dimension. Accordingly, smaller partners are often belittled for failing to contribute their fair share to their defensive alliances with more powerful allies. While acknowledging that junior partners' contributions do not match the same level of material capabilities provided by a more significant power like the United States, this study highlights the importance of other intangible contributions. We argue that defensive alliances during peacetime require a crucial, albeit overlooked, ideational contribution by all allies. We examine the US–Japan and ANZUS alliances to explore the process through which junior partners advance the interests of an alliance through ideational contributions. Our findings reveal that Japan and Australia contribute to their respective alliances with the United States by mobilizing fundamental ideas and norms that sustain and promote a specific global order and security vision. We maintain that such intangible contributions are necessary for alliance success.

Introduction 1. - 1. Mapping Complex Cooperative Networks: Society in International Organization 10. - 2. Globalization, International Organization, and the Rise of a Society of States 26. - 3. Exploring the Emergent State-Society Synthesis: Russia-Latin America Relations 57. - 4. Building Complexity: Select Case Studies of Complex Cooperative Networks - Russia and Latin America 76. - 5. Concluding Thoughts on Complex Cooperative Networks in Russia-Latin America Relations 101

Recent studies in nuclear deterrence show that nuclear punishment is infeasible in most cases due to the opponent's second-strike capability, tactical redundancy, and the logic of self-deterrence. However, if the challenge against nuclear deterrence is expected to go unpunished, the deterrent policy is not credible and will likely fail. Can the defender violently punish the challenger possessing nuclear weapons? If it can, under what conditions? Thanks to President Kennedy's tape recordings, the Cuban Missile Crisis provides researchers an exceptional laboratory for testing various theories on the defender's policy choices after deterrence failure. This article derives a research hypothesis and its competing counterpart and examines their respective explanatory power via a process-tracing analysis of key members within the Executive Committee during the crisis. The study finds that the challenger's feasibility of retaliating with atomic weapons is a crucial predictor for the defender's policy choices.

AbstractChina's unprecedented economic growth led some scholars to conclude that it will replace the United States as the future global hegemon. However, China's intentions in exercising future global leadership are yet unknown and difficult to extrapolate from its often contradictory behaviour. A preliminary overview of China's island building in the South China Sea reveals its potentially coercive intentions. This inference is consistent with the analysis of those who prognosticate China's violent rise. Conversely and simultaneously, China's participation in peacekeeping operations and its global investments evince its benevolent hegemonic intentions, which are congruent with the argument of those who predict China's peaceful hegemonic ascent. Confronted with these divergent tendencies in China's recent international relations, and assuming its continued rise, it is, thus, essential to examine China's strategic intentions and how these may ultimately project its violent or peaceful hegemonic rise. This article argues that the "Third Way" or "Dutch‐style" hegemony is highly instructive in this context and, thus, should be examined and added to the existing debate on China's rise as either a benevolent or coercive hegemon. We argue that Dutch‐style hegemony may be the most viable way for China to proceed in its global hegemonic ascendancy.

Foreword / Arie M. Kacowicz -- Introduction / Félix E. Martín, Nicolás Terradas and Diego Zambrano -- The concept of strategic culture / Jack L. Snyder -- Updating, decentering, and extending strategic culture / Onur Erpul -- The role of "diplomatic culture" in the preservation of order in South America / Nicolás Terradas -- South American political economy : strategic culture and the question of agency / Diego Zambrano -- Militaries as influencers and gatekeepers : continuity of the intraregional war-avoidance policy / Félix E. Martín -- The strategic culture of prohibition and the puzzling continuity of drug policies in South America / Nicolas A. Beckmann -- No place for cosmopolitan peacekeeping : South America and Its prevailing strategic culture of security / Nicole Jenne -- Strategic culture travels to Latin America / Jack L. Snyder -- Conclusion / Onur Erpul, Félix E. Martín, Nicolás Terradas and Diego Zambrano.