Suchergebnisse

One of the most salient issues concerning the growth and development of modern in tercollegiate athletics is that of the apparent organizational conflict between the Associa tion for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Since its inception in 1972, the AIAW has been involved in a silent struggle for survival with its more established (1906) male counterpart (NCAA) which ap pears to be on the verge of unilaterally incorporating the inalienable rights of women's in tercollegiate athletics into their already-too-troubled and complex governance webb. The on-going battle of the opposing governance systems and their societal motivations, inten tions and ramifications are crucial for the social scientist to note and respond.

In an attempt to better understand any nation, it is necessary to examine the salient characteristics of that country's sociocultural process. The significance of the inter relationship of sport and society in Latin America, and specifi cally in Uruguay, reflects in part the rise as well as the demise of a republic struggling and battling with the problems and issues of advancing technology and industrialization as sec ondary industrial development begins to diffuse from its rapidly developing South American neighbors. This paper discusses the nexus between sport in the form of soccer and the parallel rise and demise of twentieth-century Uruguayan sociocultural development. Sport serves as a significant in dicator within Uruguayan society and tends to mirror the ex isting societal status. Sport may also serve as a form of social adaptation process for future Uruguayan sociocultural development.

In an attempt to better understand any nation, it is necessary to examine the salient characteristics of that country's sociocultural process. The significance of the inter relationship of sport and society in Latin America, and specifi cally in Uruguay, reflects in part the rise as well as the demise of a republic struggling and battling with the problems and issues of advancing technology and industrialization as sec ondary industrial development begins to diffuse from its rapidly developing South American neighbors. This paper discusses the nexus between sport in the form of soccer and the parallel rise and demise of twentieth-century Uruguayan sociocultural development. Sport serves as a significant in dicator within Uruguayan society and tends to mirror the ex isting societal status. Sport may also serve as a form of social adaptation process for future Uruguayan sociocultural development.

To better understand any nation, it is necessary to examine the salient characteristics of its sociocultural process. The significance of the interrelationship of sport & society in Latin America, specifically Uruguay, reflects in part the rise & demise of a republic struggling & battling with the problems & issues of advancing technology & industrialization, as secondary industrial development begins to diffuse from its rapidly developing South American neighbors. Discussed is the nexus between sport in the form of soccer & the parallel rise & demise of twentieth-century Uruguayan sociocultural development. Sport serves as a significant indicator within Uruguayan society & tends to mirror the existing societal status. Sport may also serve as a form of social adaptation process for future Uruguayan sociocultural development. 1 Table, 1 Figure. HA.

Managerial attitudes play an important role in facilitating the championship of innovation adop-tion. However, there are few empirical studies which show the mediating role of managerial attitudes as a link between innovation determinants and adoption. Based on innovation theory (Rogers, 1983), we posit a conceptual model to show how managers evaluate internal (relative advantage and compatibility of adopting an innovation) and external (competitive pressure and partner conflict) determinants that affect the intention to adopt technological innovations. We focus on empirical tests conducted on B2C e-commerce. Data collected from 109 differ-ent enterprises indicate that managerial attitudes, through perceived relative advantage and compatibility of adopting a technological innovation, have indirect effects on the intention to adopt the innovation. In addition, competitive pressure has a direct influence on the adoption of an innovation.

The purpose of the paper is to present a dialectical and materialist analysis of the nation- class struggle taking place in the Olympic Movement and the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) in particular. Benson's model of organizational and institutional change has been employed. The dialectical study of the ideology and structure of the I.O.C. elucidates possible limitations imposed upon the further development of the process of democratization in the Olympic Movement. Relations of power and control in the I.O.C. are examined in connection with the current selection system for the membership of the I.O.C. The conclusion is reached that it may be necessary to reform the I.O.C. ideology and structure in order to accommodate evolutionary progress. New criteria and standards are suggested for the selection of I.O.C. members.

With the intention of reevaluating proportion theory in design, I provide here a grounding for a pictorial approach to the anthyphairetic procedures of Platonic mathematics.

A class of grids is defined and catalogued for a restricted set of dimensional values.

While soccer is not considered the major or primary sport of Australia, it is the primary or major sport in most of the European countries from where the non Anglo-Celtic population emigrated. Soccer is strongly associated with immigrant population groups and has often been regarded by Anglo-Celtic Australians as the 'ethnic game'. The overseas-born residents of Wollongong, Australia comprised 27% of that city's popula tion in 1981 - higher proportionately than any of the ten largest urban areas in Australia. The identificational practices of Wollongong non-Anglo-Celtic clubs representing 24 teams from 7 ethnic entities (Croatian, Greek, Italian, Macedonian, Maltese, Serbian, Spanish) were investigated to determine the association with ethnic singularity during soccer club activities. The data was collected in several stages: interviews, telephone conversations, field work notes, as well as general observations. It was found that clubs members negotiated their adherence towards the often conflicting areas of citizenship and nationalism.

The South African government's discriminatory policy of apartheid has caused tremendous external, as well as internal, pressures to develop in an effort to reverse its in humane treatment of its repressed populace. None of the pressures have been more forceful than those evoked by the sporting world and the United Nations. In recent years, these forces have virtually eliminated South Africa from most international sports com petitions, including the Olympic Games. A number of recent events seem to indicate that a new policy and perhaps attitudinal posture in regard to sport and apartheid may be formulating, a process which may permit sport to shape its own destiny. Time, however, is of the essence not only in regard to equal opportunity and availability in regard to sport, but in South Africa's all-encompassing racially repressive apartheid practices. It appears that unless the South African govern ment initiates swift apartheid extirpation as appears to be occurring in sport, the adage that "He who hesitates is lost" may prevail!

Emotion researchers have found that negative mood may either enhance or inhibit employee creativity. Little is known about this conundrum, however, and in particular when and why each effect occurs. To address this concern, we formulate and test hypotheses about likely moderators of the relationship between negative mood and creative process engagement. Results from an experience sampling study with 556 real-time reports from 68 employees support our hypothesis that negative mood is most strongly and positively related to concurrent creative process engagement among employees who (a) have high trait learning goal orientation and (b) perceive that they are empowered. Our hypotheses and findings help to resolve the ongoing controversy surrounding the nature of the negative mood–creativity nexus.